Chapter 7 Traditional jobs
语态(The Voice）
动词语态分为主动语态和被动语态.
主动语态: 句子的主语是谓语动作的发出者 被动语态.: 句子的主语是谓语动作的承受者 判断下列句子哪些是主动语态（the active voice），哪些是被动语态（the passive voice）? He goes to school by bus. Lei Feng is respected by us all. Li Hong is doing her home work now. She’s given me some advice. I’ve been given some advice. Tom will be sent to college. My mother took me to a hospital. They’ll come back soon. 主动句： 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语
被动句： 主语 + be + p.p. + by + 宾语 二、被动语态的构成 1)被动语态由\"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词\"构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 一般现在时:am/is/are+过去分词 一般过去时:was/were+过去分词
一般将来时:will/shall be+过去分词 现在进行时:am/is/are being+过去分词 过去进行时:was/were being+过去分词 现在完成时:have/has been+过去分词 过去完成时:had been + 过去分词
情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由\"情态动词+be+过去分词\"构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后\"to\"仍要保留。
2) 被动语态中的谓语动词一定要是及物动词
因为被动句中的主语是动作的承受者，某些短语动词如look after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at等，也可用于被动语态。The children were taken good care of by her. 【注意】短语动词中的介词或副词变成被动语态时不可遗漏。 3) 主动语态变为被动语态要加“to”的情况
若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加\"to\"。此类动词为感官动词，如：feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch等。例如： The teacher made me go out of the classroom.
I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher). 4) 主动形式表示被动意义
如wash, clean, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等动词虽然用做主动形式却表示被动的意义。例如：The food tastes good.
练习一： 一．单选:
1. Great changes ______ place. Many new schools______.
A.have taken, have been opened B.take, are open C.are taken, open D.have been taken, are opened 2. The building ____ in 1999.
A. built B. is built C. was built D. build 3. When _____the accident _____？ A. was, happen B. did. happen C. is, happen D. was, happened 4.The children ___ by the nurse in the kindergarten now.
A. were looked B. are being looked after C. were looked after D. are looking after 5 That new TV set ____ in China.
A. made B. are made C. makes D. is made
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6. Our classroom must ____ clean
A. keep B. be kept C. to keep D. to be kept 7. Chinese ___ by the largest number of people in the world. A. speaks B. is speaking C. are speaking D. is spoken 8. The bottle on the table ____ cool water.
A. is covered with B. is made of C. is full of D. is changed into 9. Stamps ____ by people for sending letters A. use B. are using C. are used D. used 10. I ___ to bring my book to school yesterday.
A. told B. was told C. was telling D. had been told 11 My clock ____. Can you mend it for, ？
A. doesn’t use B. isn’t worked C. doesn’t walk D. doesn't work 12. The flowers _____ well if they _____.
A. won’t grow, don't take good care of B. don't grow, are taken good care of C. don't grow, don't take good care of D. won’t grow, are not taken good care of 13. ---- When __ this kind of computer __ ？ ---- Last year. A. did. use B. was, used C. is, used D. are, used 14. We’re glad that another Shenzhen underground ____ very soon.
A. will complete B. will be completed C. has completed D. has been completed 15. The work ______soon.
A. will be finished B. finishes C. has finished D. will finish 16. The bridge ____ in two or three weeks
A. completed B. would be completed C hive been completed D. will be completed 17. A new building ___ in my home town now.
A. will put up B. will be put up C. is put up D. is being put up 18. Now these magazines _____ in the library for a long time.
A. have been bought B. were kept C. have been kept D. had kept 19. Our first computers ____ in 1956.
A. were made B. made C. have been made D. had been made 20. Trees ______ green in spring.
A.turn B. are turned C. would turn D. is turning 21. A table and many chairs ____ made by him yesterday.
A. are B. were C. are being D. was being. 22. Some flowers ____ by Kate already.
A. have been watered B. watered C. have watered D. has been watered 二．把下列主动语态改为被动语态。 1. They clean the classroom every day.
2. They built the tall building in 1984.
3. He mended the bike just now.
4. She taught me in this school last year. 5. A lot of people speak English.
6. We use paper widely.
7. The students planted many trees yesterday.
8. We sent the young man to work at this school.
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9. That truck brings vegetables every morning.
10. We speak Chinese in our country.
11.The workers made glass into light bulbs.
三．把下列被动语态改为主动语态。 1. A kite is being made by us now.
2. What was said by you at the meeting?
3. Our homework must be finished first.
4. The computer has been repaired by him.
5. Basketball is played all over the world.
6. Silk is made in Suzhou.
练习二
1. _________________ +done ( )1. That’s a nice watch! Is it __________ in China?
A. make B. making C. made D. makes ( )2. ---- Your coat looks nice. Is it ________ cotton? ---- Yes. It’s _______ Shanghai.
A. made of, made by B. made of, made in C. made for, made by D. made for, made in
( )3. ---- Our desks and chairs ________ wood. What about yours? ---- Just the same. A. are made of B. are made into C. are made from D. are made in ( )4. This dictionary mustn’t _____________ from the library.
A. take away B. taken away C. are taken away D. be taken away ( )5. The windows of our classroom _____________ once a week.
A. clean B. are cleaned C. is cleaned 2. ____________________ +done ( )1. ---- What a great bridge it is! ---- It _____________ last year.
A. was building B. was built C. is built D. built
( )2. Thousands of trees over the mountain _____________ by the Young Pioneers last year. A. planted B. was planted C. were planted D. had planted ( )3. The big tree _____________ by my brother ten years ago.
A. was planted B. planted C has planted D. was planting ( )4. The lost child ________ last night.
A. was found B. was founded C. has found D. has been found ( )5. Though we tried our best, we ________ at last.
A. won B. beat C. were won D. were beaten 3. _______________________ + done ( )1. About 500 cars _____________ in the factory next month.
A. were produced B. will produce C. have been produced D. will be produced ( )2. A talk of Chinese history _____________ in the school hall next week.
A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give ( )3. This work _____________ next Monday.
A. may finish B. finish C. finishes D. may be finished ( )4. His new book___ next month.
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A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published ( )5. The sports meet ___ be held until next week.
A. didn't B. won't C. isn't D. doesn't
4. ______________________+ done ( )1. His new book___ the next month.
A. will be published B. would be published C. is being published D. has been published ( )2. The old bridge in my hometown___ some weeks later that year. A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt
C. are going to be rebuilt D. was going to be rebuilt
5. ____________________+ done ( ) 1. Wait a moment. Your bike ________ now.
A. is repairing B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has repaired ( ) 2. The paper for books and newspapers ________ from wood.
A. is made B. are made C. is being made D. has been made ( ) 3. The film ________ in this city now.
A. is being shown B. is been shown C. is showing D. is shown 6. _________________________+ done ( ) 1. The house ________ when I arrived there.
A. was being painted B. was painted C. is being painted D. painted ( ) 2. When I got home yesterday, the dinner ___ by my grandmother.
A.is being preparing B. was preparing C. was being prepared D. was prepared 7. ________________________+ done ( )1. I can play computer games now because my homework________.
A. must finish B. must be finished C. has finished D. has been finished ( )2. A talk of Chinese history _____________ in the school hall already.
A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give ( )3. Another new library________ yet in my hometown.
A. didn’t built B. wasn’t built C. hasn’t been built D. isn’t built 8. _________________________+ done ( )1. The vegetables didn’t taste very good. They ________ for too long.
A. have cooked B. had cooked C. had been cooked D. were cooked ( )2. There was no room for you. All the seats________.
A. are taken B. was taken C. had taken D. had been taken 9. _______________________+ done ( )1. My grandmother is ill. She _____________ to hospital at once.
A. must be sent B. must send C. can be sent D. can send ( )2. Trees ________ in winter but in spring.
A. not can be planted B. can be not planted C. can not be planted D. can plant 10. 特殊用法:
( )1. Silk ________ in some shops in Shanghai.
A. is sold B. sell C. are shown D. show ( )2. I’d like to buy a pen like yours. It ________ well.
A. was written B. has been written C. writes D. is written ( )3.Great changes__________ in Shenzhen recently.
A. took place B. has taken place C. have taken place D.have been taken place ( )4.The war_____ in 1937
A. was broken out B. had been broken out C. has broken out D broke out ( )5. Tea ___ well in the south of China.
A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow
练习三 一．.单选:
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1. That’s a nice watch! Is it _____________ in China?
A. make B. making C. made D. makes 2. ---- Why do you want to throw away this pair of shoes? ---- Because I _________ it for almost three years.
A. put on B. have put on C. wore D. have worn 3. About 500 cars _____________ in the factory next month.
A. were produced B. will produce C. have been produced D. will be produced 4. ---- Your coat looks nice. Is it __________ cotton? ---- Yes. It’s ___________ Shanghai. A. made of, made by B. made of, made in C. made for, made by D. made for, made in 5. ---- What a great bridge it is! ---- It _____________ last year.
A. was building B. was built C. is built D. built 6. The key _____________ for locking the classroom door.
A. uses B. is used C. is using D. use 7. A talk of Chinese history _____________ in the school hall next week.
A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give 8. ---- Our desks and chairs _____________ wood. What about yours? ---- Just the same.
A. are made of B. are made into C. are made from D. are made in 9. This dictionary mustn’t _____________ from the library.
A. take away B. taken away C. are taken away D. be taken away 10. Thousands of trees over the mountain _____________ by the Young Pioneers last year.
A. planted B. was planted C. were planted D. had planted 11. The windows of our classroom _____________ once a week.
A. clean B. are cleaned C. is cleaned 12. The medicine _____________ cool, clean and dry.
A. must keep B. must be kept C. must be carried D. must be in 13. My house _____________ in 1995. We have lived there for nearly five years.
A. was built B. has built C. is built D. were built 14. This work _____________ next Monday.
A. may finish B. finish C. finishes D. may be finished 15. The big tree _____________ by my brother ten years ago.
A. was planted B. planted C has planted D. was planting 16. ---- What a nice garden! ---- It _____________ every day.
A. is cleaning B. has cleaning C. must clean D. is cleaned 17. That old bridge _____________ forty years ago.
A. built B. is built C. was built D. was building 18. English _____________ in many countries, but Chinese _____________ their own language. A. is spoken, speaks B. speaks, is spoken C. is spoken, speak D. is spoken, is spoken 19. ---- What’s your bag _____________, Paul? ---- Clothes and some school things. A. full with B. filled with C. filled of D. filling 20. If the child _____________, please telephone the police.
A. found B. is found C. was found D. has found 21. This kind of machine _____________ cutting paper.
A. uses for B. is using for C. is used to D. is used for 22. Rice must _____________ at the right time.
A. be harvested B. harvest C be harvesting D. be harvest 23. Sheep _____________ by farmers for _____________ wool and meat.
A. are kept, producing B. kept, making C. keep, growing D. is kept, getting 24. ---- Must our classroom _____________ every day? ---- Yes, it must.
A. is cleaned B. clean C. be cleaning D. be cleaned 25. We know that this kind of bike _____________ in Suzhou.
A. is made B. makes C. is making D. made
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26. _____________ English _____________ as the first language in New Zealand?
A. Do, speak B. Does, speak C. Is, speaking D. Is, spoken 27. Two new man-made satellites _____________ up into space a few weeks ago.
A. send B. sent C. are sent D. were sent 28. Chinese _____________ in many countries in the world.
A. teaches B. is taught C. is teaching D. was taught 29. My grandmother is ill. She _____________ to hospital at once.
A. must be sent B. must send C. can be sent D. can send 30. Beijing will _____________ beautiful flowers when National Day comes.
A. cover B. cover with C. be covered D. be covered with 31. Tell him ________ the window.
A. shut B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut 32. It took us more than two hours ________ the dinner.
A. prepare B. preparing C. to prepare D. be prepared 33. The story books___ by the writer in the 1960s.
A. are written B. were written C. are writing D. were writing 34 What time ___ the door ___ every day?
A. does; closed B. does; close C. is; closed D. /; close 35 Can he___himself?
A. get dress B. get dressed C. gets dressed D. instead of 36 He fell from his bike and ___.
A. is hurt B. gets hurt C. got hurt D. hurt 37 Lookout, please keep away from the fire, or your trousers will__
A. burnt B. burn C. burning D. get burn 38 The apple___very sweet.
A. is tasted B. taste C. tastes D. are tasting 39. You may go fishing if your work________.
A. is done B. will be done C. has done D. have done 40. Another new library________ last month in my hometown.
A. built B. was built C. has been built D. is built 6
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