Absolute/Simple/Relative majority Abolitionism Absolutism Ad hoc
Adverse shocks
Aggregation of different interests Agnostic political temper
Alleviation of humanitarian disaster Amnesty international Anomalous periods Appeasement policy Appropriation committee Armistice
Armed confrontation Arm to teeth Arms control
~ dealer/merchant of death ~ race
Articulation of interests Asymmetric shocks/threat Authoritarianism Autocracy
(The) Axis powers
Balance of power Bank liquidity Bargaining chips Behind closed doors
Bi (tri-, multi-) lateral relations
~ economic cooperation ~ trade
Billiard ball game Bipartisan support Blackmail Blockade
Bond market and equity market Bordering subjects Boundary negotiation Brainchild Braindrain
~wash
Bring all positive factors into full play
Bring to justice
~ fruition Bubble economy Budget surplus
~ deficit Buffer zone Business cycle
(to) Carve out sphere of influence Caste society
Catastrophic change Capital account
Capital accumulation Capital flight
Catholic Ceasefire Center-bordering area Civil rights movements Clash of civilization Coalition building Collective security
Colonialism & neo-colonialism Command economy
~ massive media attention Common destiny
Communal disintegration
Complete prohibition & thorough destruction of nuclear weapons Concessional loan 优惠贷款 Conciliatory manner Conflict & compromise Consent of the governed
Conservative authoritarianism Conservatism
Consociational democracy
Contested/competitive election 差额选举 (equal-number /single-candidate election：等额选举)
Constructionism Consultations
Containment policy Contingency
Constitutional monarchy system
~ amendment
Cosmopolitan community
1
Cosmopolitanism Covenant（盟约） Conventional weapons Convertible hard currency Country of one’s residence Counterbalance
Counterproductive crusade Double-edge sword function Draft treaty 草约
Drug smuggling/trafficking/pushing Dual nationality Durable goods
During a period of similar duration in
Dutiable goods/duty-free goods（应/免税物Credible monetary policy Crisis confidence
Cross-border organized crime
~ transaction Cultural hegemony Cultural relic Current account
(to) Deal a severe blow to Decentralization
Decision making procedure Deep-rooted/seated habit De facto (de jure) Defense alliance (to) Defer debts (De)Centralization
Delayed repayment of capital & interest Dependency
Depression, recession Deregulated world Derivative market Despotism Détente Developed countries
Developing ~ Underdeveloped ~ Less developed ~ Direct democracy
Disarmament and arms control Discernible national interest Disparity of wealth
Dispersed structure of power Disputed areas
Distribution of benefits Division, tension & conflict Domestication
Domestic consensus on
international objectives
品）
Dysfunctional institution
Early warning system Ecocide
Economic sanction
~ bottom up/out ~ take-off ~ recession Eco-system disaster Egalitarian division Electoral College Empirical investigation Endangered species Epic-making importance Equal opportunity
Equality of economic opportunity
Established principle of international law Establishment of diplomatic relations Ethnic cleansing (apartheid) Excess democracy
Exchange rate mechanism Exchange of needed goods Exclusive economic zone Extensive obligations Extradition
Extraterritorial right Extreme alternatives Fundamental rights
Fair economic competition Failed paradigm
Far-reaching implications Fascism
Feasibility study Federal expenditure Feminism
2
Financial constraint
~ industry ~ sector
Fiscal crisis财政危机
~ stimulus
Flightism（逃跑主义） Fluctuating rate
Foreign currency reserve Forensic matters Forestall
Forward deployed military strategy Founding father Fragmentation Free rider Friction
Full employment
~ diplomatic relations Fully-fledged power
Genocide
Geographical strategy Global governance Globalization
Gross domestic product
Head-on confrontation Health Certificate Hegemonic stability Heir apparent Holocaust
Hostile hegemons
Horizontal/Vertical proliferation
Ideological hegemony of classical liberalism Incumbent party
In consideration of the actual conditions Incrementalism Individualism Integration Interest groups
Internationalization
International criminal court International status
~ waters
~ situation
Intellectual property rights Inter-bank market
Interdisciplinary subjects Indiscriminate killing Industrial revolution Imminent threat
(to) Impose unilateral restrictions on Iron triangles Irreversible nature
Launch a new initiative Legacy
League of Nations
Landslide victory/defeat Life lane Lip service
Liquidationism (流寇主义) Low/high policy/politics
Macroeconomic policy Might is right
Mainstream culture Majority tyranny
~ rule
Majoritarian democracy Manifest destiny Maritime resources Maneuver Market access
Matters of mutual interest Maverick genius McCarthyism
Medium-term objectives Mergers and acquisitions Migrant workers
Milestone/cornerstone/ Military-industrial complex Military junta
~ regime
~ intervention ~ encirclement ~ build-up ~ exercise
3
~provocation Military-Keynesianism Monetary stability Money laundering
Multi-dimensional chess game Mutual surveillance
Mutually exclusive interests
National power and prestige
~ self-determination
~ comprehensive strength ~ competition strength ~ treatment ~ referendum ~ identity ~ sovereignty ~ merge Nazism
Negative income tax Neo-liberalism Neo-realism
Non-aligned movements Nordic countries Nuclear arsenal
Oil embargo Opportunitist Orthodox
Overseas market
Pacifism Panacea
Parliamentary democracy Parochial prejudice Particularization Partisan alignments
Patrimonial sea (承袭海)
Pax-Americana美利坚治下的和平 Peaceful handover of power Peacekeeping operation Per capita income/GDP
PPP Purchase parity power 购买力平价Peripheral countries Pluralism
Policy stasis
~ mix
~ instruments Political authority
~ attitude ~ asylum ~ consensus ~ consultation ~ culture
~ democratization ~ disequilibrium ~ distemper/temper ~ elites
~ entrepreneurs ~ feasibility
~ fugitive（政治逃犯） ~ institutions ~ isolation
~ legitimacy/legitimation ~ offender（政治犯） ~ power ~ structure ~subversion
Polarization of society Popular movement Populism Positivism
Postindustrial society
Potential security concerns
~ adversary
Power politics 大国政治 Precision-guided bombs Predominant opinion Preemptive strike Premature conclusion
Press conference 新闻发布会 Primitive capital accumulation Private sector
~ property
Proliferation of weapons of mass destruction Prospective customers Protestant
Public goods theory
~ sector (private ~)
4
Pure fabrication
~ realpolitik
Quarantine Office (检疫所)
Racial discrimination
Rational allocation of resources Rationalism 理性主义 Real/constant dollar Real estate speculation Recipient
Regional conflict 地区冲突
~ economic cooperation 地区经济合作Regionalization 地区化 Regular consultations Regulatory bureaucracy Rehabilitation Center Repressive regime Revisionism
Rights and obligations Rotating chairman
Sacred and inviolable right Scale economy Scapegoat
Secondary market Secret ballot
Seek a fair and reasonable solution Segmented market Self-fulfilling prophecy Self-imposed obligation Separation of power Service the debt
(to) shape the policy agenda Shock therapy Short-term deficit Skeptics
Slim majority in favor Slippery concept Social bargain
~ buffer
~ infrastructure Socialization
(to) Solve disputes by peaceful means
Spillover effect
Special-operations forces Staff writer 特约撰稿人 Staggered election Staple food 主食 Stance
Standing army
~ committee (to) Start from scratch State/private sector
State/national sovereignty Static pie/growing pie
Status quo power (potential power) Strategic defense 战略防御
~ intention ~ reserve ~ position ~ key area Streamline
Structural unemployment Submerged conviction Summit meeting Sunk cost
Supply-side economy Supranational community Suspension of negotiations
Sustained/sustainable development mode Swap market
Synchronous business circles System overload
Tangible asset
Tax evasion/cut/reduction/revenue Technocrat governance Telepathy Territorial air
~ contiguity ~ dispute ~ integrity ~ jurisdiction ~ sea ~ waters limits of ~ breadth of ~
5
Territorial and power ambition Territory proper Territorial sea Tertiary industry Totalitarian Trading bloc Transaction cost
(to) Trigger a chain reaction Triple Entente 三国协约 Twofold realization
Ultimatum
Unconditional surrender
Universally recognized norms Universalization
Upward social mobility
~ redistribution of wealth Utilitarianism Utterly destitute
Vested interest Voice vote
Virtuous/vicious cycle
Win-win proposition
Zero-sum game
Waves of labor displacement
~ of business cycle
Xenophobia
Year-on-year growth Zionism
外交机构/事务专有名词
Announcement宣言 Appointed ambassador to Bretton Woods Pact Communiqué
Commercial counselor’s office Consulate-general Consulate Circular note
De jure recognition
De facto recognition
Certificate of appointment Declaration, manifesto Diplomatic practice
~ bag, pouch（外交邮袋） ~ channels
~ courier（外交信使） ~ envoy mission ~ immunities ~ personnel ~ policy
~ practice（外交惯例） ~ privileges ~ rank
~ representative ~ strategy
Balance of power diplomacy Cultural ~ Energy ~
Head of the state ~ Human rights ~ Multilateral ~ During one’s absence
Ministry of Foreign Affairs Embassy（大使馆） Legation (公使馆)
Consulate-general (总领事馆) Consulate
Office of the charge d’affaires (代办处)
Accredited to … ambassador (extraordinary & plenipotentiary) 向…派（特命全权）大使Minister-counselor charge d’affaires（公使衔参赞）
Military attache’s office (武官处)
Commercial counselor’s office （商务处） Press section; information service （新闻处）Protocol Department (礼宾司)
Information Department（新闻司） Press section, information service Liaison office (联络处)
Ad hoc committee（特别委员会） Interim committee（临时委员会） Appropriate body（主管机构） Auxiliary body（辅助机构）
6
Interim counselor （临时代办） Consul-general（总领事）
Doyen (dean) of the diplomatic corps（外交使团团长）
Roving ambassador（巡回大使） Ambassador-at-large（无任所大使） Special envoy（特使） Charge d’affaire （代办） Attache （随员）
Permanent representative（常任/常驻代表） Alternate; deputy; substitute（副代表） Plenipotentiary（全权代表） Chief delegate（首席代表） Observer（观察员） Military/naval/air attaché（陆/海/空武官） His (Her, Your) Majesty（陛下） His (Her, Your) Excellency（阁下） His (Her, Your) Royal Highness（殿下）
Exequatur（驻在国发给领事或商务人员的）许可证书 Formal note Foreign affairs
Letter of appointment
Letter of credence, credentials（国书） Memorandum, aidememoire（备忘录） Letter of introduction
Letter of recall（召回公文） Mutual recognition Normalization
Terms of reference（职权范围） Formal note（正式照会） Verbal note（普通照会） Circular note（通知照会） Summary record（摘要记录） Verbatim record（逐字记录）
Persona non-grat（不受欢迎的人） Persona grata（受欢迎的人） Statement
An absolute majority（绝对多数） Simple majority（简单多数） Relative majority（相对多数） Qualified majority（特定多数）
To serve as……in rotation（轮流担任） To develop the national economy
To develop relations of peace & friendship, equality & mutual benefit & prolonged stability
To establish consular relations建立领事关系 To establish normal state relations To exchange ambassadors互换大使 To make representations to,
to take up a (the) matter with（向…交涉） To lodge a protest with（向……提出抗议） To express regret（表示遗憾）
To take exception to; to object to（提出异议） An atmosphere of cordiality（诚挚友好的气氛）
To make up for each other’s deficiencies To negotiate thru diplomatic channels To peddle munitions
To proceed to take up one’s post（赴任） To assume one’s post（就任）
To resume charge of the office/to return to one’s post（返任）
To present one’s credentials To request the consent of
To resume charge of the office, to return to one’s post
To resume diplomatic relations at ambassadorial level
To review the guard of honor（检阅仪仗队） To safeguard national sovereignty & resources To safeguard national independence & the integrity of sovereignty To safeguard world peace
To seek a fair & & reasonable solution To sever diplomatic relations
To solve disputes by peaceful means To suspend/sever diplomatic relations To take concerted steps
To take exception to, to object to To undertake obligations in respect of the nuclear-free zone
To upgrade diplomatic relations To be shocked to learn of（惊悉）
To be distressed by the unhappy news of; to be deeply grieved by（恸悉） Welcoming banquet欢迎宴
7
Reciprocal banquet Reception Cocktail party
Luncheon（午宴）
All countries, big or small, should be equal.
国际关系
Fishery resources Friendly exchanges
Frontier region, border region Fundamental rights
Inalienability of territory（领土不可割让）Joint action
Loans with no or low interest无息贷款 Maritime resources Merger of states
Mutual understanding & mutual accommodation National boundary Neutral state/country
Sponsor country（发起国） Host country（东道国） Inviting country（邀请国） Never to attach any conditions Normalization of relations Outer space Patrimonial sea
People-to-people contacts & exchanges Plebiscite（公民投票） Protectorate
Practical, efficient, economical & convenient for use
200 nautical-mile maritime rights Reduction or cancellation of debts Refugee camp Right of residence
Rudimentary code of international relations Secretariat（秘书处） Sole legal government Status quo of the boundary Suzerain state Suzerainty Trusteeship
和平共处
the five Principles of Peaceful coexistence mutual respect for sovereignty & territorial integrity mutual non-aggression
non-interference in each other’s internal affairs
equality & mutual benefit peaceful coexistence
国际组织 ASEAN
Asian & Pacific Council
Caribbean Common Market/Community Central American Market Community
Conference of Heads of State & Government of the Organization of African Unity Conference of Developing Countries (the 77-nation group)
International Confederation of Free Trade Union
International Court of Justice
International Organization of Journalists International Red Cross Conference Inter-Parliamentary Union League of Red Cross Societies World Peace Council
World Confederation of Labor Nordic Council
活在美国：你得知道，海外学历的英语表达方法
ACCAC威尔士学历管理、教学大纲与评估委员会
AICE国际高级教育证书 A-level中学高级水平考试
ARELS(Association of Recognised English Language Services)英语语言认证教学机构联合会
8
AS-level中学准高级水平考试
BA（Bachelor of Arts）文学学士
BAC(British Accreditation Council for Independent Further and Higher Education)英国私立延续教育及高等教育认证委员会 BALEAP(British Association of Lecturers in English for Academic EAQUALS(European Association for Quality Language Service)欧洲语言教学质量服务机构
EiBA( English in Britain Accreditation Scheme)英国英语认证计划
EEA(European Economic Area)欧洲经济区
EIS（Education In????ation Service）教育信息服务处
Purposes)英国学术英语讲师协会
BASELT(British Association of State English Language Teaching)英国公立英语语言教学机构协会
BATQI(British Association of TESOL Qualifying Institutions)英国英语教学合格院校联合会
B.Eng (Bachelor of Engineering)工程学士
B.Sc.（Bachelor of Science）理学学士 BTEC（Business and Technology Education Council）工商及技术教育委员会
CCEA(Northern Ireland Council for the Curriculum,Examinations and Assessment)北爱尔兰教学大纲、考试与评估委员会
CIFE（Conference for Independent Further Education）私立延续教育联合会
COSHEP（The Committee of Scottish Higher Education Principals）苏格兰高等教育校长委员会
CVCP（Committee of Vice Chancellors and Principals）大学校长委员会
DENI (Department of Education Northern Ireland)北爱尔兰教育部
DfEE(Department for Education and Employment)教育与就业部
D.Phil(Doctor of Philosophy)哲学博士
EAP（English for Academic Purposes）学术英语
ELSIS（English Language Service for International Students）外国学生英语语言教学
ELT(English Language Training)英语语言培训
ESL(English as a Second Language)英语外语教学
ESP(English for Specific Purposes)专用英语
FE（Further Education)延续教育
GCSE（General Certificate of Secondary Education）普通中等教育证书
GMAT(General Management Admission Test)管理专业入学考试 GNVQ（General National Vocational Qualification）全国通用职业资格
GSVQ（General Scottish Vocational Qualification）苏格兰通用职业资格 GTTR（Graduate Teacher Training Registry）毕业教师培训注册处
HE（Higher Education）高等教育 HEFCE（Higher Education Funding Council for England）英格兰高等教育基金管理委员会
HEFCW（Higher Education Funding Council for Wales）威尔士高等教育基金管理委员会 HND（Higher National Diploma）国家高等教育文凭
IB（International Baccalaureate）国际
9
高中毕业考试
IELTS（International English Qualification)全国职业证书
Language Testing System）国际英语语言测试系统(简称雅思)
ISC（Independent Schools Council）私立学校委员会
IGCSE(International GCSE)国际普通中等教育证书
Independent Schools Council私立学校委员会 ISIS（Independent Schools In????ation Service）私立学校信息服务处
LCCI（London Chamber of Commerce & Industry）伦敦工商会 LEA（Local Education Authority）地方教育局
LLM(Master of Law) 法学硕士
MA（Master of Arts）文学硕士 MBA(Master of Business Administration)工商管理硕士
M.Chem(Master of Chemistry)化学硕士
M.Ed(Master of Education)教育硕士 M.Eng. (Master of Engineering)工程硕士
M.Phil.(Master of Philosophy)研究硕士
M.Phys(Master of Physics)物理硕士 M.Sc.(Master of Science)理学硕士 M.Res.(Master of Research)研究硕士 M.Sci(Master of Science)理学硕士（本科水平）
NARIC(National Academic Recognition In????ation Centre)全国学术认证信息中心
NHS(National Health Service)国民保健体系
NISS(National In????ation Services and Systems)全国信息服务系统
NUS(National Union of Students)全国学生联合会 NVQ(National Vocational
ODA(Overseas Development Administration)海外发展管理局
OFSTED(Office for Standards in Education)教育标准办公室
PGCE(Postgraduate Certificate in Education)教育学研究生证书
PAM (Professions Allied to Medicine)医学有关职业
PGCE(Postgraduate Certificate in Education)（教育学研究生文凭） PG Cert(Postgraduate Certificate)研究生文凭
PG Dip.(Postgraduate Diploma)研究生文凭
Ph.D.(Doctor of Philosophy)哲学博士
QAA(Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education)高等教育质量保障局
QCA(Qualifications and Curriculum Authority)教学大纲和学历管理委员会
RAE(Research Assessment Exercise)科研水平评估
SCE(Scottish Certificate of Education)苏格兰教育证书
SEED(Scottish ????utive Education Department)苏格兰执行教育部
SCE (Scottish Certificate of Education )苏格兰教育证书
SHEFC(Scottish Higher Education Funding Council)苏格兰高等教育基金管理委员会
SQA(Scottish Qualifications Authority)苏格兰学历管理委员会 SVQ(Scottish Vocational Qualifications)苏格兰职业资格
TQA( Teaching Quality Assessment)教学质量评估
10
TEFL(Teaching English as a Foreign Language)英语外语教学
TAE(Teaching Assessment Exercise)教学质量评估
TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Language )面向母语为非英语者的英语教学课程
TOEFL(Test of English as a Foreign Language)英语外语考试（简称托福） TOEIC (Test of English for International Communication)国际英语考试
UCAS((Universities and Colleges Admission Service)高等院校招生办公室
UKCOSA (The Council for International Education)英国国际教育委员
11
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