新目标英语七年级下册知识点总结
Unit 1 Can you play the guitar?
1, 情态动词+V原 can do= be able to do
2, Play+ the+ 乐器
+球类,棋类
3, join 参加社团、组织、团体
4, 4个说的区别:say+内容
Speak+语言
Talk 谈论 talk about sth talk with sb Tell 告诉,讲述 tell sb (not)to do sth
Tell stories/ jokes
5, want= would like +(sb)to do sth
6, 4个也的区别:too 肯定句末 (前面加逗号)
Either否定句末(前面加逗号)
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talk to sb
Also 行前be 后
As well 口语中(前面不加逗号)
7, be good at+ V-ing=do well in 擅长于
be good for 对…有益 (be bad for对…有害)
be good to 对…友好 (good 可用friendly,nice,kind替换)
be good with和…相处好=get on/ along well with
8, 特殊疑问句的构成:疑问词+一般疑问句
9, How/ what about+V-ing …怎么样?(表建议)
10,感官动词(look, sound, taste, smell, feel)+adj/ like
11,选择疑问句:回答不能直接用Yes或者No,要从中选择一个回答
12,students wanted for school show(wanted表示招募,含有被动意义)
13,show sth to sb=show sb sth give sth to sb=give sb sth
14,help sb (to)do sth
Help sb with sth
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With sb’s help= with the help of sb
Help oneself to 随便享用
15,be busy doing sth/ be busy with sth
16,need to do sth
17,be free= have time
18,have friends= make friends
19,call sb at +电话号码
20,on the weekend= on weekends
21,English-speaking students 说英语的学生(带有连词符,有形容词性质)
22,do kung fu表演功夫
Unit 2 What time do you go to school?
1, 问时间用what time或者when
At+钟点 at 7 o’clock at noon/ at night(during/ in the day)
On+ 具体某天、星期、特指的一天 on April 1st on Sunday on a cold winter morning
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In +年、月、上午、下午、晚上
2, 时间读法:顺读法
逆读法:分钟≤30用past five past eight(8:05) half past eight(8:30)
分钟>30用to a quarter to ten(9:45)
整点用 …o’clock 7 o’clock(7:00)
3,3个穿的区别:wear 表状态,接服装、手套、眼镜、香水等
Put on 表动作,接服装
Dress 表动作,接sb/ oneself get dressed穿衣
3, 感叹句:How+adj+主谓!
How+adj+a/an +n单+主谓!
What+ a/an +adj+ n单+主谓!
What+ adj+ n复/ 不可数+主谓!
4, from…to…
5, be/ arrive late for
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6, 频度副词(行前be 后)
Always usually often sometimes seldom hardly never
7,一段时间前面要用介词for for half an hour for five minutes
8, eat/ have… for breakfast/ lunch/ dinner/ supper
9, either…or
10,a lot of=lots of
11,it is +adj+for sb +to do sth (adj修饰to do sth)It is important for me to learn English.
it is +adj+of sb +to do sth (adj修饰sb) It is kind/ friendly/ nice of you to help me.
Unit 3 How do you get to school?
1, 疑问词
How 如何(方式)
how long 多长(时间)答语常用“(For/ about +)时间段”
how far多远(距离)答语常用“(It’s +)数词 +miles/ meters/ kilometers”
how often多久一次(频率)答语常用“Always/ often/ every day/…”或 “次数+时间”等表频率的
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状语
How soon多快,多久以后,常用在将来时中。答语常用“in +时间段”
how many多少(接可数名词) how much(接不可数名词)
why为什么(原因) what什么 when何时
who谁 whom谁(宾格)(针对宾语提问也可用who) whose谁的
2, 宾语从句要用陈述句语序
3, Stop sb from doing sth
Stop to do 停下来去做其他事
Stop doing 停止正在做的事
4, what do you think of/ about…?= how do you like…?你认为…怎么样?
5, He is 11 years old.
He is an 11-year-old boy.
6, many students= many of the students
7, be afraid of sth be afraid to do sth worry about be worried about 担心
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8, play with sb
9, come true
10,have to do sth
11,he is like a father to me (like像)
12,leave离开 leave for 出发前往某地
13,cross 是动词 across是介词
14,thanks for +n/ V-ing
Thanks for your help/ thanks for helping me.
Thanks for your invitation/ thanks for inviting/ asking me.
Thanks to幸亏,由于,因为
15,4个花费:人+spend/ spends/ spent+时间/钱+(in)doing sth/ on sth
人+pay/ pays/ paid +钱+for sth
It takes/ took sb +时间+to do sth
物+cost/ costs/ cost +sb +钱
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16,交通方式
●用介词。在句子中做方式状语。
①by +交通工具名词(中间无需任何修饰)
By bus/ bike/ car/ taxi/ ship/ boat/ plane/ subway/ train……
②by +交通路线的位置
By land/ water/ sea/ air
③in/ on +冠词/物主代词/指示代词 +交通工具名词
In a/ his/ the car
On a/ his/ the bus/ bike/ship/ train/ horse/ motorbike
④on foot 步行
●用动词。在句子中做谓语。
①take + a/ the +交通工具名词
take a bus/ plane/ ship/ train
ride a bike
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②walk/ drive/ ride/ fly to……(后面接here,there,home等地点副词时,省略介词to。)如步行回家:walk home
17,名词所有格
一般情况加’s Tom’s pen
以s结尾加’ the teachers’ office ten days’ holiday
表示几个人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加’s Mike and John’s desk
表示每个人各自拥有,在每个名词后加’s Mike’s and John’s desks
Unit 4 Don’t eat in class.
1,祈使句(变否定在句首+don’t)
Be型(be +表语),否定形式:don’t + be +表语 Be quiet,please. Don’t be late!
Do型(实义动词+其他),否定形式:don’t +实义动词+其他
Come here,please. Don’t play football here.
Let型(let sb do sth),否定形式:don’t + let sb do sth或者let sb not do sth
No+n/ V-ing No photos /mobile;No parking/ smoking/ spitting/ talking/ picking of flowers
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2,in class在课堂上 in the classroom 在教室
3,be on time准时
4,listen to music
5,(have a)fight with sb
7, eat outside
8, Must 与have to
(1)must 表示说话人主观上的看法,意为“必须”。 have to 表示客观的需要或责任,意为“不得不,必须”,后接动词原词。
(2)must没有人称,时态和数的变化Have to 有人称,数,时态的变化,其第三人称单数形式为 has to ,过去式为had to. 构成否定句或疑问句时借助动词do/ does。
(3)have to的否定式是needn’t=don’t / doesn’t have to (不必要);must的否定式是must not/ mustn’t(一定不能,不允许)。
9, Some of…
10,bring…to…
11,practice (doing)sth
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12,wash/ do the dishes
13,on school days/ nights
14,break/ follow(obey)the rules
15,Be strict with sb/ oneself be strict in sth对……严格。
16,too many“太多”修饰可数名词复数
too much“太多”修饰不可数名词
much too“实在太”修饰形容词或副词
17,make one’s/ the bed
18,get to, arrive in/at, reach,到达(如果后面接地点的副词home,here或there ,就不用介词in ,at, to)
19,remember/ forget+to do要做
+doing做过
20,have fun,enjoy oneself,have a good/ great/ wonderful time+V-ing
Unit 5 Why do you like pandas?
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1, 回答why的提问要用because
2,Kind of 相当于副词,修饰形容词或副词,意为“稍微,有点”,与a little/ bit 相近
A kind of 意为“一种”,some kinds of 意为“几种”,all kinds of 意为“各种各样的”。这里的kind 是“种,类,属”的意思。
3,Why not =Why don’t you+V原 你为什么不…?
4,walk on one’s legs/ hands on 意为“用…方式行走”
5,all day =the whole day整天
6,来自be/ come from where do they come from?=where are they from?
7,more than=over超过 less than 少于
8,once twice three times
9,be in great danger
10,one of… …之一 +名词复数
11,get lost
12,with/ without 有/ 没有 介词
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13,a symbol of
14,由…制造 be made of能看出原材料
be made from 看不出原材料
be made in+地点 表产地
15,cut down 砍到 动副结构(代词必须放中间,名词可放中间或者后面)
Unit 6 I’m watching TV.
1,现在进行时
其结构为be的现在式(am, is, are)+ 现在分词(V-ing)。
否定形式在be后面加not,疑问式将be动词提前
2,动词-ing形式的构成:
一般情况+ing;以不发音的e结尾的,去e加ing;重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写辅音字母再加ing
3, go to the movies
4, join sb for sth与某人一起做某事 join us for dinner
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5, live with sb live in+地点
6, other,another与the other
Other “其他的,另外的”,后接名词复数,有时other+n复数=others
Another “又一(个),另一(个)”,泛指总数为三个或三个以上中的任意一个,后接名词单数。
The other“(两者中的)另一个”,常与one连用,“one…the other…”表示“一个…,另一个…”
7, talk on the phone
8, wish to do sth
9, Here is+ n单 Here are+ n 复
Unit 7 It’s raining!
1. 询问天气的表达方式:
How’s the weather? It’s a raining/sunny day. It’s raining.
What’s the weather like? It’s windy.
2, play computer games
3, How’s it/ everything going?=How have you been?
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4, In/ at the park
5, Take a message for sb 替人留言
Leave a message to sb 给人留言
6, call sb back
7, right now,right away,at once,in a minute,in a moment,in no time 立刻,马上
8, right now现在 just now刚刚(用于一般过去式)
9, over and over again
10,the answer to the question,a key to the door,a ticket to the ball game
11,by the pool
12,summer vacation
13,go on a vacation去度假 be on a vacation在度假
14,write (a letter)to sb
15,反意疑问句(陈述句+附加疑问句)
反意疑问句中,陈述句用的肯定,后面的附加疑问句就要用否定;相反,陈述句用的否定,附加疑问句
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就要用肯定。
16,adj 以-ing结尾“令人…的”exciting,interesting,relaxing
以-ed结尾“人感到…的”excited,interested,relaxed
17,in the first picture
18,dry干燥的 humid潮湿的
Unit 8 Is there a post office near here?
1,There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语.
There are +复数名词+地点状语.
谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致(就近原则)。
There be句型的否定式在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同:not是副词,no为形容词,not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.
There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首
There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”;have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”
2,问路:①Is/ Are there ……near here/ around here/ in the neighborhood?
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②Where is/ are……?
③How can I get to……?
④Could/Can you tell me the way to……
⑤Which is the way to……
3,Across,cross,through,over
Across是介词,“横过,在对面”表示从物体表面穿过
Cross是动词,相当于go/ walk across
Through是介词,表示从物体中间或里面穿过 go through the door
Over是介词,“横过,越过”表示从物体上空越过,跨过 fly over
4,ask for help/ advice
5,in/ on the street
6,在某条大街上习惯用介词on on Bridge Street
7,across from,next to,between…and…,behind
8,in front of在…(外部的)前面→behind在…后面 in the front of在…(内部的)前面
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9,be in town→be out of town
10,be far from
11,go/ walk along go straight go up/ down
12,turn left/right
13,on one’s/ the left
14,at the first crossing/ turning
15,sometimes 有时(频度副词) sometime(将来)有朝一日,(曾经)某天
Some times 几次,几倍 some time 一段时间(前面用介词for)
16,free 空闲的 free time
自由的 as free as a fish
免费的 The best things in life are free.
17,enjoy doing
18,Time goes quickly.
19,表“一些”在肯定句中用some. 在疑问句和否定句中用any。
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特殊用法:some可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中。
any也可用于肯定句中,表示\"任何的\"。
Unit 9 What does he look like?
1,what does he look like?询问人长什么样,回答:①主语+be+形容词/ 介词短语(he is tall/ of medium height);②主语+have/has+形容词+名词(she has long hair)
what does sb like?询问某人喜欢什么
2,多个形容词修饰名词
多个形容词修饰名词,一般关系近的靠近名词;音节少的在前,音节多的在后。
限定词+数词(序前基后)+描绘性形容词+大小、长短、高低+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词
3,May be 为情态动词+动词原形,在句子中做谓语,maybe是副词,表示可能,大概,一般放在句首。
4,a little,little修饰不可数名词,a little表示一点点,little表示几乎没有
a few,few修饰可数名词,a few表示一点点,few表示几乎没有
5, Find 强调找到的结果,look for 强调寻找的过程.
6,问职业:what do you do?=what is your job?
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7,the same as→be different
8,long straight brown hair
9,最后in the end(表事情结局)finally(强调次序)at last(强调经多番努力终于达成)
By the end of 直到……为止
At the end of在……末端/尽头
Unit 10 I’d like some noodles.
1, 名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词(不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数)。
可数名词又分单数和复数。○1一般+s;○2以-s,-x,-ch,sh结尾的名词+es;○3辅音+y,把y变i,再+es;○4以-o结尾的,有生命的+es(negro—negroes;hero—heroes;tomato—tomatoes;potato—potatoes);无生命的+s;⑤以f,fe 结尾的名词,改f,fe为v+es(leaf—leaves;knife—knives)(例外:roofs,chiefs)⑥单复数同形:sheep,deer.不规则变化:man—men;woman—women;child—children;foot—feet;tooth—teeth等
2,would like sth. 想要某物
Would you like some …? 你想要一些……吗? ——Yes, please./ ——No, thanks.
would like to do sth. “想要做某事”。
Would you like to … ? 你愿意去做……吗?
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—Yes, I’d like / love to./—I’d like/ love to. But I’m too busy.
would like sb to do sth “想要某人做某事”。
3,order:order food take/ have one’s order
In order to为了
In the order按顺序
Order/ book a room 预定房间
Order sb(not)to do sth命令
4,special和especial
Special特别的人或事物,特别的,特殊的,specials特色菜;specially专门地,特地
Especial特别的,突出的,especially特别,尤其
5, the number of表示“……的数量”,后面接可数名词复数。做主语时,主语是number而不是of后面的名词复数,因此谓语动词要用单数;
a number of表示“许多”,相当于many, 后面接可数名词复数,做主语时,主语不是number而是of后面的名词复数,因此谓语动词要用复数。
Number前可用large,great,small修饰,不能用little。
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6,仍然,还:still(肯定句)
Yet(疑问句、否定句)
7,one bowl of two bowls of
8,what size(+n)would you like? Large/ medium/ small
9,what kind of
10,大:big 体格大、笨重→small,little 形容具体的人或物
Huge物体体积巨大=very big
Large物体面积、空间、范围、数量大→small 不修饰人
Great重大事件或行为,伟大,具有感情色彩
11,肯定句中表并列用and 否定句、疑问句中表并列用or
12,around the world= all over the world
13,make a wish
14,blow out
15,in/ at one go
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16,get popular
17,cut up(动副结构)
18,bring good luck to
19,different kinds of
20,be short of缺乏
Unit 11 How was your school trip?
1,一般过去时
基本结构:主语+动词过去式+其他;
否定形式:①was / were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原动词;
一般疑问句:①Was/Were+主语+其他?②Did+主语+动词原形+其他?
2,动词过去式规则变化:直接加ed;以不发音e结尾的单词,直接加d;以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i加ed;以元音字母+y结尾的,直接加ed;以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最后的辅音字母+ed
不规则变化的动词过去式(见书本最后一页)
3, How was your school trip?= what was your school trip like?
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4, Go for a walk
5, Milk a cow
6, Ride a horse
7, Quite a lot
8, Show sb around
9, 并列谓语的时态和数必须一致。
10,In the countryside
11,after that
12,come out
13,go on school trip
14,along the way
15,buy/ get sb sth= buy/ get sth for sb
16,all in all
17,否定转移(主语为第一人称I 或者we时)think,believe,suppose
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18,be interested in +n/ v-ing
19,not at all
20,diary entry
21,Something意为“某事,有些事”;
anything意为“任何事,任何东西”;
everything意为“每一件事”(其后的谓语动词要用单数);
nothing意为“没事,什么事都没有”。
Unit 12 What did you do last weekend?
1, go+V-ing与do some +V-ing
go+V-ing表示“去从事某种活动”(一般指户外)go shopping/ swimming/ skating/ dancing/ skiing/ climbing/ camping/ hiking……
do some +V-ing 表示“从事某种活动”(一般指室内)do some writing/ washing/ cooking/ cleaning/ reading……
2, go to the cinema
3, camp by the lake
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4, study for a test study for the English test
5, work as a guide
6, living habits
7, stay up late
8, shout at sb 因生气或愤怒向某人吼叫;
shout to sb 对某人大声叫喊,目的是让人听见
9, run away
10,fly a kite
11,adj修饰不定代词 adj要放后面 something important,anything interesting
12,take sb to… 带某人去……
13,put up tents
14,make a fire
15,on the first night
16,each other
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17,get a terrible surprise
18,finish doing
19,look out of…从……朝外看(window,door……)
look out at sth 向外眺望……
look out for 留神、注意、小心、关心
20,feel/ watch/ see/ hear sb do sth强调整个过程
feel/ watch/ see/ hear sb doing sth强调动作正在进行
21,jump up and down
22,wake up
23,so +adj +that +结果状语从句“如此……以致……”
eg:I was so busy that I didn’t go to sleep for 3 days.
The weather was so cold that they had to stay at home.
The coat is so expensive that I don’t want to buy it.
so that 引导目的状语从句,以便,为了(in order to)
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eg:they got up early so that they could catch the early bus.
I raise my voice so that I can make myself heard.
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