一、语态概述
英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。”，再如：English is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。
判断：看下面的两个例句，你来判断哪个是主动哪个是被动？
He opened the door.他开了门。 （____________）
The door was opened.门被开了。 （____________）
二、被动语态的构成:be动词+Vp.p
被动特点强调宾，用be加上过去分。行为对象作主语，逻辑主语by来引。
1. English is ___________（speak）in Canada.
2. The blouse is ___________（make）of silk.
- - 3. English is ___________（speak）by many people.
谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。动作承受者需强调，用被动语态莫忘了。
1. Some stamps were ___________（steal）last week.
2. The PRC was ___________（found）on October 1, 1949.
3. Football is ___________（play）in most middle schools.
被动语态须留意，P.P前面助动be. be + P.P
am（is,are）现在时，am（is,are）+P.P
was和were表过去。was（were）+P.P
完成have（has）been。have（has）been+P.P
将来，情态，be原形。will（can,may,must）be+P.P
进行时态两个be，前表时态后加ing。am（is,are）+being+P.P
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。凡是汉语中带“被”的句子，都能转换成英语的被动语态。
三．几种常用时态的被动语态——
- - 1.一般现在时： am/is/are+过去分词
肯定句：Bikes are ___________（sell）in that shop.
否定句：Bikes are not sold in that shop.
疑问句：Are bikes sold in that shop? Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.
2.一般过去时： was/were+过去分词
肯定句：He was ___________（save）in 1999.
否定句：He was notsaved in 1999.
疑问句：Was hesaved in 1999? Yes, he was. / No,he wasn't.
3.一般将来时： shall/will/be going to + be+过去分词
肯定句：An English class will be ___________（give）by Jack tomorrow.
否定句：An English class will not be given by Jack tomorrow.
疑问句：Will an English class be given by Jack tomorrow?
4.现在进行时：am/is/are + being+过去分词
- - 肯定句：A car is being ___________（drive）now.
否定句：A car is not being driven now.
疑问句：Is a car being driven now? Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.
5.现在完成时：have / has+ been+过去分词
肯定句：A road has been ___________（build）by the government.
否定句：A road hasn't been built by the government.
疑问句：Has a road been built by the government? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn't.
6.情态动词：情态动词+be + P.P
1）This clock can be ___________（repair）here.
2）The trees may be ___________（plant）at other times of the year.
3）The position must be ___________（hand）in after class.
4）The young trees should be ___________（plant）in spring.
四、被动语态的用法
- - （1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：
Some new puters were ___________（steal）last night.
一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道电脑是谁偷的）
This book was ___________（publish）in 1981. 这本书出版于1981年。
（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：
The window was ___________（break）by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。
This book was ___________（write）by him. 这本书是他写的。
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。
五、主动语态变被动语态的方法
（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词）
（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。
- - （3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：
1.All the people ___________（laugh）at him.
→ He was ___________（laugh）at by all people.
2.They ___________（make）the bikes in the factory.
→ The bikes are ___________（make）by them in the factory.
六、补充
一些宾补动词如make, see, hear等在主动语态中可以接动词原形（实为省略to的动词不定式）作为宾语补足语的动词在变被动语态是一定要注意恢复to。如：
He made me stand outside. → I was made to stand outside（by him）.
I saw him play football. → He was seen to play football（by him）.
专项练习
一、选择题
( )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?
A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build
- - ( )2. An accident ____ on this road last week.
A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened
( )3.Cotton（棉花） ____ in the southeast of China.
A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow
( )4.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.
A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives
( )5.How many trees ____ this year?
A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted
( )6.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.
A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done
( )7.The Great Wall ____ all over the world.
A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known
( )8. The children ____ by the nurse.
- - A. were looked B. looked afterC. were looked after D. looked
( )9. He ___ some pieces of advice, but he ____ to them.
A. gave, didn't listen B. was given, wasn't listened
C. give, wasn't listened D. was given, didn't listen
( ) 10. The question ____ by us soon.
A. is going to discuss B. will discuss
C. is going to be discussed D. has been discussed
( )11. The lab ____ about five years ago.
A. was builtB. was built C. builds D. has been built
( )12. A lot of tall buildings _____ in his hometown in the last three years.
A. have set up B. have been set up C. were set up D. set up
( )13. They ____ printing 500 copies by the end of last month.
A. had finished B. have finished C. had been finished D. have been finished
- - ( )14. Rice ___ also _____ in their hometown.
A. is…grown B. is…grew C. was…grew D. was…grown
( )15. He ____ by the teachers.
A. is always praisedB. praises
C. have been praised D. always is praised
( )16. The picture______ in October, 1996.
A. was taking B. had been taken C. was taken D. had taken
( )17. We can't use the bridge now, because it______ .
A. has been repaired B. is repairing C. is repaired D. is being repaired
( )18. I ______the way to the railway station by a policeman.
A. was shown B. showed C. have shown D. was showing
( )19. The war______ in 1941.
A. broke out B. had been broken out
- - C. was broken outD. had broken out
( )20. When water______ , it will be changed into vapour.
A. is heated B. heating C. has heated D. heats
( )21. We can't enter the room because its door______ .
A. locked B. locks C. is locked D. is locking
( )22. They ______day and night.
A. are made work B. are made to work
C. made to be worked D. are making to work
( )23. Man-made satellites ______into space by many countries.
A. was sent up B. is sent up
C. have been sent up D. has been sent up
( )24. This English song _____ often _____ by the children.
A.is, singingB. is, sung C. will, sing D. was, sung
- - ( )25.The windows of our house _____once a week.
A. must clean B. have cleaned C. is cleaned D. are cleaned
( )26. When ______ the People's Republic of China_____ ?
A. was, found B. was, founded C. did, found D. does, found
( )27. Mary's radio ______ by my brother just now.
A. will be mended B. has mended C. was mended D. mended
( )28. Some trees may ______ at other times of the year.
A. be planted B. plant C. are planted D. will be planted
( )29. A new English play _____ there next week.
A. will put on B. will be put on C. is going to put on D. will be putted on
( )30. A strange thing _____ in our school yesterday.
A. was happened B. has been happened C. happened D. was going to happen
( )31. The glass ______ . It _____ by little Tom this morning.
- - A. broke, is broken B. is broken, was broken
C. was broken, broke D. has been broken, broken
二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)
1.It's said(据说) that the long bridge______________（build）in two months．
2.Where to have the meeting ______________ （discuss）now．
3.Which language _______the most widely_______（speak）in the world？
4.The lost boy_____________（not find）so far．
5.Last year a large number of trees______________（cut）down．
6. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop.
7 What _______ knives ______ (make) of ?
8. They_______________(make) of metal(金属) and wood.
9. Can the magazine ________ (take) out of the library?
10. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day.
- - 11. The stars can’t _____________ (see) in the daytime.
12. How long _____ your uncle ______(be) in the city?
13. The food _____________ (smell) delicious.
14. Look! Someone __________(dance).
三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。
1.Tea grows in South China.（改为被动语态）
___________________________________________.
2. The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态)
3. An English song ______ ______ _______ by the children.
4. 3. You needn't do it now. (改为被动语态)
5. It ______ ________ ________ by you now.
6. 4. People use metal for making machines. (改为被动语态)
7. Metal ________ _________ _______making machines.
- - 8. 5. He made me do that for him. (改为被动语态)
9. I ______ ________ ________ ______ that for him.
10. 6.They have sold out the light green dresses. (改为被动语态)
11. The light green dresses ________ _________ ___________ out.
12. 7.We call the game “Lianliankan”. (改为被动语态)
The game _______ ________ “Lianliankan” by us.
四．把下列句子改为被动语态
1.Parents take care of their kids.
_____________________________________________________________________
2.People plant trees every day.
_____________________________________________________________________
3. He ate bread yesterday.
_____________________________________________________________________
- - 4. China makes many watches.
_____________________________________________________________________
5. The wind blew down the big tree last night.
_____________________________________________________________________
6.I do my homework every day.
_____________________________________________________________________
6. He doesn’t throw the bad food.
_____________________________________________________________________
8. Mother was not mending the trousers.
_____________________________________________________________________
9. They will not take him to Beijing.
_____________________________________________________________________
10. Nobody knew me in this town at that time.
- - _____________________________________________________________________
- -
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