介词（preposition）
又称前置词，是一种虚词。介词不能单独做句子成分。介词后须接宾语，介词与其宾语构成介词短语。
一、介词从其构成来看可以分为：
1、简单介词（Simple prepositions）如：at ,by, for, in, from, since, through等； 2、复合介词（Compound prepositions）如：onto, out of, without, towards等； 3、短语介词（phrasal prepositions）如；because of, instead of, on account of, in spite of, in front of等；
4、二重介词（double prepositions）如：from behind, from under, till after等； 5、分词介词（participial prepositions），又可称动词介词（verbal prepositions）如：during, concerning, excepting, considering, past等。 二、 常见介词的基本用法 1、 about 关于 10、except 除了 Do you know something about Tom？ Everyone except you answered the What about this coat？（……怎么样） question correctly. 2、 after 在……之后 11、for 为了 I’m going to see you after supper. The students are studying hard for the Tom looked after his sick mother yesterday.people. （照看） 12、from 从 3、 across 横过 I come from Shanghai. Can you swim across the river. 13、in 在……里 on 在……4、 against 反对 上面 under在……下面 Are you for or against me? There are two balls in/on/under the Nothing could make me turn against my desk. country.（背叛） 14、near 在……附近 5、 along 沿着 We live near the park. We walked along the river bank. 15、of ……的 6、 before 在……之前 Do you know the name of the winner. I hope to get there before seven o’clock. 16、over 在……正上方 It looks as though it will snow before long. There is a bridge over the river. （不久） Tom goes over his English every day.7、behind 在……后面 （复习） The sun is hidden behind the clouds. 17、round/around 围绕 8、by 到……时 The students stand around the teacher. We had learned ten English songs by the 18、to 朝……方向 end of last term. Can you tell me the way to the cinema. 9、during 在……期间 19、towards朝着 Where are you going during the holiday. The car is traveling towards Beijing.
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20、with 和……一起 me? Would you like to go to the cinema with
学习这些介词时可以先记住它的汉语意思，然后参照例句来加深理解，并在今后的学习中加以灵活运用。
三、 常用易混淆介词辨析
1、 after/ in 皆可表示时间在……之后，其区别为： after 1）表示“在某点时间之后”，用于将来时。如： We’ll go out for a walk after supper. 2）表示“一段时间之后”，用于过去时。如： My mother came home after half an hour. in表示“一段时间之后”，用于将来时。如： We’ll go to school in two weeks. 2、at/in/on
at seven o’clock（具体某一时刻用at）
in April /in April,2002（具体某一月份或年份用in）
on April 5,2002/on the morning of Monday（具体某一天用on） 3、in /by /with
He writes in black ink.（用……材料）
The guard cut one boot open with a knife.（用……工具） She always goes to school by bike.（用……手段） 4、between /among
Can you say the differences between the two words?（两者之间）
Premier Chou En-lai lives among the people for ever.（三者或三者以上） 5、besides /except
We have seen the crocodile besides Li Fang.（除……之外，还有）全部计算在内 We are all Chinese except Tom in our class.（除……之外）不计算在内 6、on /over/ above
There is a boat on the desk（在某物面上，与此物接触。）
There is a bridge over the river.（在某物正上方，与此物不接触，或横在某物上，或覆盖在某物上。）
She spread a cloth over the table. He held his heads above his head. （“在……上”，强调“高于。”） 7、on/ in / to
Mongolia is on the north of china.（与中国接壤，不属于中国） Japan is to the east of china.（不属于中国，且不接壤） Taiwan is in the east of China.（台湾属于中国） 8、since /for
since 表示从过去某一时间以来
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for 表示一段时间
I have been living here since 1982.（自1982年以来，我一直住在这里） I have been living here for 20 years.（我已经在这里住了20年了） 9、of /from
The desk is made of wood（看得出材料） Paper is made from wood.（看不出材料）
The bread is made up of flour, sugar and milk.（由数种成分组成） 10、by /on
He used to go to school by bike.（抽象概括）
He came to school on this bike yesterday.（具体到哪一辆车） 11、of /for
It’s kind of you to come to see me.（既说明不定式本身特点，又说明逻辑主语的品性） It’s important for you students to learn English well.（只说明不定式本身的特征） 12、of /in
This is the most interesting of all the stories.（从个体的集体着眼） China has the largest population in the world.（从总体概括着眼） 13、of /about /on表示“谈及，论述”
Do you know of American singer John Denver?（涉及浅层关系） I have never heard about him.（表示谈论等深一步的关系） This book is on grammar.（以……为主要内容） 14、through /past/across
The new railway runs through the small town.（穿过） He walked slowly past the tall building.（从旁边经过）
Mary walked across the park to do some shopping.（强调从一边到另一边） 15、by/ with通过……手段
We write with a pen.（表示较具体的事物）
There’s nothing to gain by waiting.（表示抽象） 16、despite = in spite of（介词） / although（连词） despite 是介词，后面接名词或动名词，不能跟句子 although是连词，后面要跟句子。
Although I was ill yesterday, I still went to school.
Despite failure in the exam, I still have a chance to win in the term. 17、as /like
as 1）用作介词时意思为“作为……，充当”如： She acted as an interpreter.
2）用作连词时 意思为“像……一样；当，由于” As it was cold, I didn’t go outside. like 用作介词，意思为像……一样 John sings like a nightingale.
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18、by day（指白天）/ by the day（按日计算）
I worked here by day and I am paid by the day.
一、 3. 表示地点时 at, in, on 的区别
5.表方位的介词in, on, to, off的区别 ★ in 表示在境内.
★ on 表示相邻或在边界上, 不在境内. ★ to 表示在境外, 不接壤.
★ off 表示在海面上靠近海岸的地方.
Guangdong lies ____ the south of China and Fujian is _____ the east of it. Hainan is ____ the coast of the mainland.
二 表示时间介词
1. at, in, on的区别
1 The train leaves ___ 6:00pm, so I have to be at the station _____ 5:40 at the latest. A. at; until B. for; after C. at; by D. before;around 2 The old man died ____ cold ____ a cold night.
A. from; at B. of; in C. of; on D. for; during 3 The railway was opened ____ traffic ____ April 4, 1985. A. to; on B. to; in C. by; on D. for; on in ,on, at的区别和用法
1） at 表示在某一时刻或短暂的时间。 at one o’clock（在一点钟）， at dawn（在黎明）， at sunrise （在日出时）， at noon（在正午）， at that time（在那时）， at the last moment （在最后一刻）， at breakfast （在早餐时）\\at dark at亦可表示 “年龄”、 “节日”等。at the age of twenty（在二十岁时）， at Mid-autumn（在中秋节时）， at Christmas（在圣诞节时）
2） in 用来表示某年、某月、季节、上下午、傍晚等时间
in 1998\\ in May, \\in May, 1998\\in the morning\\afternoon\\evening， in the night（特指某一夜间，而at night表泛指的夜间），in the day（在白天）\\in summer \\in the twentieth century\\in modern times\\in one’s old age（在某人晚年）\\ in one’s teens / twenties/ thirties,\\ in one’s youth \\ in the day time\\ in one’ s life\\ in the past \\in
those days \\in the future\\
3） on用于某日或特定某日的早晚、上下午等。 on Sunday（在星期日）， on October the first， 1999（在1999年10月1日）， on Monday morning（在星期日早晨）， on a cold evening（在一个寒冷的晚上）， on New Year’s Eve（新年前夕）\\on Christmas Day 精彩文档
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At 9 on the morning of April,1976 At 9 in the morning in April , 1976 2.in, within, after的区别和用法
1） in 表从现在时间角度看将来，意为“在…之后“，“过若干时间就…”。 The project will be finished in a week. 2） within 表示期限,，意为“在某时间之内”。(将来或过去） He must be back within a week. 他必须一周之内回来。 3） after 表示 “什么时间之后”，后可接表某一时刻或某种活动的词。 The meal was ready after thirty minutes. 三十分钟后饭熟了。
We left after the party. 晚会后我们离开了。
My father will be back from abroad in three days.
He left home and went to the front after two days\\ two days later I’ll go and see her after three o’clock. after+一段时间， 常与过去时连用
after +时间上的一点， 常与将来时连用 In the past, no villagers dared do that.
In the past\\last few years, great changes have taken place in the village. 4.during, for的区别和用法
during 表示“在（某一段时间）内”，“在…期间”，用于已知一段时间或已限定的时期或阶段。for 用来指延续一段时间。
例如 I went to shanghai during the vacation and stayed there for 20 days. 我假期里去了上海并在那儿呆了二十多天。 5. by, till / until的区别和用法
1） by表示到某时某事已发生或已出现情况，经常与完成时连用；till 表示 行动或状态一直迟续到某一时间(肯定句中延续动词）。 We discussed about the matter till/until midnight. 我们一直谈那件事，直到午夜时分。（midnight 指动作的终点）. You must hand in your term paper by next Monday.
你必须在下星期日之前交学期论文。 （不晚于星期一，可以是星期一，也可以是这之前某个时间发生）
2） till / until 经常用在否定句中，译作 “到…才”, 强调时间晚了。. 例如 He didn’t arrive until ten o’clock. 他直到十点钟才来。
三、 工具、手段、 方式介词
By sea\\ by water\\ by land\\ by air\\ by rail
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By bike\\ by bus\\ by taxi\\ by plane\\ by ship \\ by boat\\ by train\\ by spaceship In the \\a plane, on a\\ the train, on the \\ a \\my bike,, on foot, on a horse
With + a \\ the \\my +有形的工具或身体某些器官 With a pen\\ with our eyes By \\in\\ on\\ over\hrough 等多用与无形的工具或手段 by hand\\ in ink \\on the telephone \\over the radio \hrough the telescope 使用语言， 原料， 材料用 in in English in blue ink In this\\ that \he same way By this\hat means By means of
With this\\ that method
常见介词对比 on“关于”，学术性强：a lecture on computer about“关于”，知识性或随便谈论： a discussion about the plan be familiar with sb./sth. 熟悉某人/某 be familiar to sb. …为某人所熟悉 be strict with sb. 对某人严格要求 be strict in sth. 严格对待某事 shout to 呼喊，向…喊 shout at对…吼，责骂 at least 至少 in the least 丝毫，一点 in the end＝at last＝finally by the end of到…末止 at the end of在…结束时，在…末端， in the way挡路，障碍，妨碍 in a way在某点上，在某种程度上 by the way顺便问一下 on ones way(to) 在…路上 after a time＝after some time 过一段时间后 behind time迟到，过期 ahead of time提前，超前 sometime某时 some time某段时间，某一时期 练习 1、Could you tell me something ______ UFOs? 精彩文档
sometimes有时 at a time＝each time每次 at one time＝once曾经 in the air 空中，在流传 on the air播出 for a moment＝for a while/minute一会儿 for the moment暂时 in a moment立刻 at the moment当时 the moment/minute/second/instance…＝as soon as 一…就 be tired of… 讨厌 … be tired with\\from… 因…而疲倦 be pleased with＋名词/what从句 对…满意 be pleased at＋抽象名词 听/看到…而高兴 be known to sb.为某人所知 be known as 作为…而出名，被叫作… be known for因…而出名 be busy with sth.忙于某事 be busy(in) doing sth.忙着做某事 I am really interested in it. 2、I go to school _____ eight o’clock.
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Gina’s father is _______ forty years old. 3、I can help you ______math. 4、The picture is _____ the wall. 5、The windows are _____ the wall.
6、Many students do homework _____ pens 7、My birthday is ______ February, 15th. 8、Children’s Day is _____ June. 9、A set of keys is ____ the drawer. 10、My mirror(镜子) is ____ the dresser. 11、Please bring some books _____ school. 12、He often plays games ____ the evening. 13、They play basketball ____Saturday morning.
14、Here is a photo _____ my family
15、The bank doesn’t open _____ Sunday.
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16、My parents go to the park _____ supper. 17、We have socks _____ all colors. 18、Thanks _____ your letter.
19、My father is strict _____ me _____ my study. 20、I eat an egg _______ breakfast, 21、He often does his homework _____ home. 22、The bank is _____ front of the post office.
23、He usually watches football game ____ TV.
24、I really want ____ go to the USA. 25、I like coffee _____ milk.
26、It’s not polite to talk _____ girl’s age.
27、It is very far(远) _____China___ America.
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