英语一轮精品复习学案：Unit1 Great scientists(新人教版必修5)

英语一轮精品复习学案：Unit1 Great scientists（新人教版必修5） 【高考新动向】

【考纲全景透析】 【重点单词】

1. conclude vi.终结； 结束; 推断； 决定 【归纳】

conclusion n. 结束,结论

make／draw／reach／come to／arrive at a conclusion下结论，得出结论； bring sth. to a conclusion使…结束； in conclusion作为结论，最后； 1）The meeting concluded at ten o'clock. 会议于十点钟结束。 2）It is hard to conclude. 这很难断定。

第 1 页 共 1 页

【即境活用】______,I‘d like to say how much I‘ve enjoyed staying in your beautiful country. A. To conclude B. To include C. In the conclude D. As conclusion 答案：A

2. defeat v. & n. 打败；战胜

defeat sb./sth.击败某人或某事；be defeated被打败了

They were defeated in the football match. 他们在足球赛中输了 【辨析】

1）defeat，beat与win作―打败‖解时的区别:

beat与defeat的宾语是―人‖；defeat的宾语常指―敌人‖，在―游戏或比赛‖中则用beat；win后的宾语多用game，war，prize等词(注意win的宾语不能是人) 2）作―打‖之意时 beat，hit与strike的区别：

beat强调―连续地打‖；hit表示―打一下‖；而strike则表示―一次有力的打击‖ 【即境活用】用defeat， beat的适当形式填空 1. Finally our army _____________the enemy. 2. Brazil were ______________in the final 2-1. 答案：1. defeated 2. beaten

3.-- Who ____ the team from No. 2 Middle school? -- I'm not sure. Perhaps the team from the nearby county. A. defeated B. won C. beat D. gained 答案：A

3. attend v. 1)注意；留意；处理(与to连用)=do with 2) 出席；到场： 3)照看；照料：=take care; look after 【归纳】

attendance n． 出席，出席的人数，伺候，照料 attend school上学

attend a lecture/meeting听讲座/出席会议 attend a wedding/ceremony出席婚礼‗/参加典礼 1）We'll attend to the problem later． 稍后我们将关注那个问题。 2）Which doctor is attending you? 哪一个医生为你看病? 【即境活用】汉译英

他们在我们不在时管理事务。__________________________________________________ 2) 他在这个领域很出名，今晚会有成千上万的敬仰者参加他的讲座。___________________ Keys: 1) They attended our affairs during our absence.

2) He is famous in this field, and tens of thousands of fans will attend his lecture this evening.

4. expose v.使暴露; 揭露; 使接触

expose a secret/ a plan泄露秘密\\计划 expose sth/ sb. to …把……暴露在……之下 be exposed to ….置身于……;暴露于…

expose students to good art and music使学生接触美好的艺术和音乐 expose soldiers to unnecessary risks使士兵冒不必要的危险

The reporter was killed because he tried to expose a plot.这名记者因为试图揭露一个阴谋而被杀害。

【即境活用】__________to the sunlight for too much time will do harm to your skin.

A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed 答案：C

5.cure n. 治愈；痊愈 vt. 治愈；治疗

第 2 页 共 2 页

① There is no cure for the common cold at present.目前仍没有治愈感冒的良药。 ② Can you cure me of my cold ?你能治好我的感冒吗？

③ That nasty shock cured him of his inquisitiveness forever.那一沉痛教训根除了他凡事爱打听的毛病。

6. absorb vt. 吸收；吸引 【归纳】

吸收（液体，气体，光，声等） 汲取，理解（知识等） 使全神贯注；吸引（注意等）后常接介词in/by 合并（公司等）；吞并。常接介词into 承受；经受

be absorbed in=put one‘s heart into专注；聚精会神 absorb...from sth 从„„吸收 eg. Black cloth absorbs light.黑布吸收光线。 Cotton gloves absorb sweat.棉手套吸汗。

So many good ideas! It‘s too much for me to absorb all at once.这么多好主意！太多了，很难一下子完全吸收

The old man was completely absorbed in the book.老人全神贯注地读这本书

The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city.四周的小城镇已并入这座城市 【归纳拓展】absorbed adj.精神集中的

absorbing adj.十分吸引人的 absorb from sth.从……中吸收 be absorbed in专心于，全神贯注于

【即境活用】1. 翻译：他发现叔叔全神贯注地读书________________________________ 答案： He found his uncle was absorbed in reading.

第 3 页 共 3 页

2. When I went in， they were ________ in a heated discussion. A. absorb B. absorbed C. absorbing D. being absorbed 答案： B.

3. She was so _____ in her book that she didn‘t notice it was raining. A. absorbed B. attracted C. drawn D. concentrated 答案：A

7. blame vt．责备；谴责；归咎于；n．责怪；(过失、过错等)责任 【归纳】

blame sb．for(doing)sth． 因(做)某事而指责某人 blame sth．on sb． 因某事而指责某人

sb．be to blame for(doing)sth． 因(做)某事某人应该受到谴责； 注意: be to blame 应负责 (无被动形式)。

1)The careless driver is to blame for the traffic accident happening yesterday． 那个粗心的司机该为昨天发生的交通事故负责。

2) Who is to blame for the failure? 谁该为这次的失败负责?

3) The student blamed the teacher for his failure．学生因失败而怪老师。 【即境活用】汉译英

1）看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮用水了._________________________________________ 2）这件事谁也不能怨.__________________________________________________ 3）他指责你玩忽职守._____________________________________________________ Keys: 1) It seemed that the water was to blame. 2) Nobody is to blame for it. 3) He blames you for neglect of duty.

8. contribute vi．&vt．捐助，捐献，贡献；投稿 【归纳】

contribution. n. 捐献，贡献；投稿 contribute…to …向……捐献(投稿) contribute to…促成，起作用，有助于

make a contribution to／towards向……捐赠；对…作出贡献 注意: 以上短语中to为介词；

1）He contributed to the church．他向教会捐款。

2）He often contributes to this newspaper．他经常向这家报社投稿。

3）Cigarette smoking is a major factor contributing to cancer．吸烟是导致癌症的主要因素。 【即境活用】 Some of the most important achievements in physics ___their success to these mathematical systems. A. oblige B. owe C. contribute D. devote 答案：C 【重点短语】

1．put forward 提出(建议等)；推荐某人或自己任职位；提名 【相关短语】

put on穿上；增加 put on performances演出 put an end to结束；终止 put off推迟；延期； put one's heart into全神贯注于 put down写下

put out生产；扑灭 put back放回；送回 put up举起；张贴 put through接通电话 put up举起; 抬起; 张贴; 公布 put sb. up为……提供食宿

第 4 页 共 4 页

put up with忍受; 忍耐; 受苦

He put forward a better plan.他提出了一个更好的计划 Can I put you/your name forward for golf club secretary? 我推荐你（提名让你）担任高尔夫球俱乐部的秘书好吗？

He puts forward several interesting plans.他提出了几项令人感兴趣的计划.

It‘s an explanation often put forward by our friend.这是我们的朋友经常做出的解释。 【即境活用】We were roommates. At that time, I have to _____ her bad temper. A. put forward B. put up with C. put up D. put off 答案：B

2. apart from 除……之外

1)from是介词，后面要跟名词、代词或动名词。 2)apart from也可以表示―脱离开‖ 如：

There can be no knowledge apart from practice. 没有知识能脱离实践。

【归纳比较】 apart from/except for/except/except that /besides/in addition to 1）apart from在表―除……外（别无）‖时相当于besides和except for,但apart from还有―除……以外（还）‖之意。另外，apart from, except for都可用于句首，但except不能。 2）except―除……‖（不包括其后的宾语），besides―除了……还‖（包括其后的宾语）。另外，besides还可以作副词―并且，而且‖

3）but for表示―如果不是由于……‖之意（=If it were not for…或If it had not been for…）。 4) in addition to 相当于besides―除……之外，还有‖（包括除去内容在内） 5）except that 后面跟句子，用来表示理由或细节

Apart from a few faults，he is a trustworthy teacher. 除了少数的几个缺点外，他是个值得信赖的老师.

Apart from being too large, the trousers don‘t suit me. 这条裤子不但太大，而且我穿着也不合适.

【即境活用】 I know nothing about the young lady＿＿＿she is from Beijing. A. except B. except for C. except that D. besides 答案：C

2.The suit fitted him well＿＿＿the colour was a little brighter. A. except for B. except that C. except when D. besides 答案：B

3. make sense讲得通；有道理 

如果想表示某人所说的话或提议，没道理、行不通。我们经常说：It doesn‘t make any sense. 【归纳拓展】make sense of 理解；明白 make no sense 没有道理；没有意义 in a sense 就某种意义来说 in no sense 决不是，决非 There is no sense in doing sth.做什么没有道理 Your story doesn‘t make sense to me.你编的故事我听不明白

It makes good sense to take good care of your health.照顾好你的身体是明智的 【即境活用】

1. No matter how I tried to read it, the sentence didn‘t ___________to me. A. understand B. make out C. turn out D. make sense 答案: D

2. I have read the material several times, but it doesn't make any ________ to me. A. meaning B. importance C. sense D. significance

第 5 页 共 5 页

答案：C

【重点句型】

1. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每当（霍乱）爆发时，都有成千上万的人病死。

① Every time I catch a cold ,I have in my back .我每次感冒背就痛。

② The first time I climbed onto the wall,I felt very nervous.我第一次爬到墙上去时。感到很紧张。

③ She let out a cry the moment she saw the snake.她一看到蛇就叫了起来 ④ I left immediately the clock struck 5. 钟敲了五下我就离开了。

【热点难点全析】

第 6 页 共 6 页

过去分词作定语和表语

（The Past Participle as the Attribute and the Predicative）

分词是动词的一种非谓语形式，主要起形容词和副词的作用，可以作定语、表语或是状语等分词有两种，一种是现在分词，一种是过去分词。这两种分词在句子中能担任的成分大体相同，主要是在―意思‖上有主动和被动之分。过去分词一般有被动和完成两大特征 过去分词的定语和表语功能 定 表―完成‖或―被动‖ 语 boiled water开水 fallen leaves落叶 the risen sun升起的太阳 selected apples 精选苹果 spoken English英语口语 iced beer冰镇啤酒 cooked food熟食 fried chips炸土豆条 Hurry up，there is only a little time left. 快点，时间不多了。 If you wish everything changed，please say so. 你如果希望改变一切，请说明。 Near the window，there is a bookshelf filled with many books(=which is filled with many books). 靠近窗户，有一个装满书的书架。 Her daughter，brought up by me(=who was brought up by me)has begun to work now. 由我带大的她的女儿现在已经参加工作了。 When we heard of it，we were deeply moved. 当我们听到这件事时，被深深地感动了。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea. 听到这个想法，他似乎很高兴。 My glasses are broken.我的眼镜碎了。(状态) My glasses were broken by my son. 我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。(动作) On the earth，70% of the surface is covered with water.地球表面70%是被水覆盖的。(状态) I was greatly surprised by a knock at the door. 敲门声使我大为吃惊。(动作) 单个的过去分词作定语时， 一般放在被修饰词语之前 (如上例)，也可以放在所 修饰词语的后面 过去分词短语作定语时，须将分词放在被修饰的词语之后，功能相当于一个定语从句 表 当―人‖作主语时用过去分词语 作表语，表示主语的状态或思想感情等 过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一体。分词作表语表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示被动的动作 【语法专练】

1. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless______ every day. A. watered B. watering C. water D. to water

2．Zhuhou, _______ on the Xiang River, is an important city, second only to Changsha. A. located B. locating C. being located D. to be located 3. All the preparations for the work_______, we‘re ready to start.

A. are completed B. have been completed C. completed D. had been completed 4. _____ with the accident, he was forced to resign.

A. Concerned B. Concerning C. Having concerned D. Be concerned 5. They spent the whole night______ in the room waiting for the thief to come. A. having locked B. locking C. locked D. to be locked 答案：1~5 AACAC

第 7 页 共 7 页

【高考零距离】

1（浙江卷• T11）11. \"It's a such nice place,\" Mother said as she sat at the table____ for customs. A. to be reserved B. Living reserved C. reserving D. reserved

【解析】选D。非谓语—过去分词。reserve和谓语动词sat之间没有连词，故用非谓语，且和其逻辑主语the table逻辑上构成被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动、完成的概念，在句子中做后置定语。

2（2012•四川卷• T12）12. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car ____. A. washed B. wash C. washing D. to wash

【解析】选 A。 本题考查非谓语动词。考查过去分词作宾语补足语。此题中使役动词get后接的宾语car与作宾语补足语的动词wash之间为被动关系，构成短语：get sth. done。故答案选A。句意为：在驱车进城之前，你必须将你的车洗了。

3（2011•福建卷• T23）Tsinghua University, ____in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded 【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意为：建立于1911年的清华大学是成就大量杰出人物的所在地。Tsinghua University(清华大学)和found(建立)之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，选C。 4.（2010·全国卷ＩＩ·T8） My mother opened drawer to_________the knives and spoons. A.put away B.put up C.put on D.put together

【解析】选A。考查动词词组辨析。 put away 放好，收拾起来；put up举起，搭建，张贴，挂起； put on 穿上，戴上；put together 组装，装配，把„凑合起来

5.（2010·山东卷·T31） 31. Your house is always so neat—how do you ______ it with three children? A. manage B. serve C. adapt D. construct 【解析】选A。本题考查动词在具体语境中的使用。句意应为“你家里总是那么整洁-----家里有三个孩子，你是怎么设法做到的?” 表示“设法做成某事‖用manage it。serve 表示“为……服务；接待”；adapt 表示“使适应，使适合”；construct表示“建造，构筑；构思”。

6.（2010·上海卷·T33）Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues —______with her stories. A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused 【解析】选A。本题考查非谓语动词。keep+sb. /sth. +done,根据句意，sb.与它后面的动词成被动关系，故选A.

7.（2010·四川·T4）A great number of students ____said they were forced to practise the piano. A. to question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioning 【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词作定语。question与students 存在被动关系，question表示的动作也已完成，故用过去分词。

8. (2006·福建卷) _______for the breakdown of the school computer network，Alice was in low spirits． A．Blaming B．Blamed C．To blame D．To be blamed 【解析】选B。本题考查过去分词作原因状语。根据题意可以将原句转换为：“As Alice was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer, she was in low spirits．”选择B选项 【考点提升训练】 二、单项选择

21. 【保定市高三第一次模拟】29. Prices began to climb noticeably last year，_____a historical high in November. A. hit B. to hit C. hitting D. being hit 22 【河南省郑州市高三第二次质量预测】25. If you intend to make a tour of a big factory, you had better make an appointment _______time.

A. ahead of B. in case of C. in front of D. in search of

第 8 页 共 8 页

23. The students are busy making preparations for the lecture because they will _____ the competition . A. attend B. join C. take part in D. attend to

24. Plastic bags are provided for our convenience but they have also_____ the pollution of the environment． A. adapted to B. turned to C. contributed to D. looked forward to 25. 【河北省邯郸市高三第一次模拟考试】30. Joe won the first prize on Sunday and, tears rolling down his cheeks, it a turning point for him. A. called B. calling C. having called D. to call 26. The warm sunshine ____the coming of spring. A. declares B. announces C. predicts D. publishes

27. Please read the _______ on the bottle and take the right amount of medicine. A. explanations B. descriptions C. instructions D. introductions 28. being fun and good exercise，swimming is a very useful skill． A．Apart from B．As good as C．In addition D．As well

29. Although I had read the book assigned by the professor several times , it didn‘t make any _____ to me. A．meaning B．importance C．sense D．significance 30.The whole situation was so complex that they could hardly make any_____ of it at all. A. sense B. Meaning C. explanation D. idea

31. The government ______the diplomatic note from Japan for its unclear attitude to the trade between two countries. A. denied B. refused C. rejected D. objected 32—______either she or I fit for the job? A. Is; are B. Are; are —I‘m sorry to tell you that neither she nor you _____. C. Am; is D. Is; is 33. —Do remember to charge the battery 12 hours when you first use it．

— . A．Made it B．Got it C．Understood it D．Remembered it 34. --Which one can I take?

--You can take ________ of them; I‘ll keep none.

A. all B. any C. both D. either 35. —Did you pass the driving test? A．could have passed B．must have passed —No. I it. but I had little time practising.

C．can‘t have passed D．shouldn‘t have passed 三、完形填空

Michel is a young girl who works for the police 36 a handwriting expert (专家). She has helped 37 many criminals (罪犯) by using her special talents (天才).

When she was fourteen, Michel was already _38_ interested in the differences in her friends' 39 that she would spend hours 40 them. After 41 college she went to France for a 42 two-year class in handwriting at the School of Police Science.

Michel says that it is 43 for people at hide their handwriting. She can discover 44 of what she needs to know simply 45 looking at the writing with her own eyes, 46 she also has machines 47 help her make 48 different kinds of paper and ink. This knowledge is often 49 great help to the police.

Michel believes that handwriting is a good 50 of what kind of person the 51 is. \"I wouldn't go out with a fellow 52 I didn't like his handwriting. \" She says. But she 53 she fell in love with her future husband, a young policeman 54 she studied his handwriting. It is later proved to be 55 , however.

36 A. with B. by C. like D. as

第 9 页 共 9 页

37 A. search B. follow C. catch D. judge 38 A. so B. too C. quite D. extra

39 A. books B. letter C. tongues D. handwriting 40 A. writing B. studying C. settling D. uncovering 41 A. attending B. finishing C. starting D. stepping into 42 A. powerful B. natural C. special D. common 43 A. main B. safe C. easy D. impossible 44 A. most B. nothing C. little D. sight 45 A. with B. by C. of D. about 46 A. so B. for C. thus D. but 47 A they B. in which C. that D. those 48 A. up B. out C. for D. into 49 A. of B. to C. with D. for

50 A. test B. sign(标记) C. means D habit(习惯) 51 A. thief B. criminal C. writer D. policeman 52 A. whether B. unless C. if D. after 53 A. adds B. tells C. repeats D. cries 54 A. before B. after Cc. shyly D. and

55 A. necessary B. all right C. important D. quite easy 四、阅读理解 A

Sir Henry Stewart was certainly successful. I asked one day, soon after he‘d retired to attend his garden, what it was like to have achieved all of one‘s ambitions. He looked down at his roses, and went on watering them. Then he said, ―The only value in achieving one‘s ambitions is that you then realize that they are not worth achieving. ‖ Within a moment we were back to a safe discussion on the weather. That was two years ago.

I recall this incident, for yesterday, I was passing his house, and had drawn up my cart just outside his garden wall. I had pulled in from the road for no other reason than to let a bus pass me. As I set there filling my pipe, I suddenly heard a shout of sheer joy come from the other side of the wall.

I looked over. There stood Sir Henry doing nothing less than a dance of pure unashamed delight. Even when he observed my puzzled face staring over the wall he did not seem embarrassed, but shouted to me to climb over.

―Come and see, Jan. Look! I have done it at last! I have done it at last!‖

There he was , holding a small box of earth in his hand. I observed three tiny shoots out of it. ―And there were only three!‖ he said, his eye laughing to heaven. ―Three what?‖ I asked.

―Peach stones‖, he replied. ―I‘ve always wanted to make peach stones grow, ever since I was a child, when I used to take them home after a party, or as a man after a banquet. And I used to plant them, and forget where I planted them. But now at last I have done it , and , what‘s more, I had only three stones, and there they are, one, two, three shoots,‖ he counted.

And Sir Henry ran off, calling for his wife to come and see his achievement—the achievement of simplicity.

第 10 页 共 10 页

56．The main idea of this passage probably is A．real joy comes from simple things． B．great achievements can bring comfort C．gardening is a pleasure D. one‘s best life comes after retiring 57．What was Sir Henry‘s attitude towards success? A．Delightful B．Valuable C．Worthless D．Suffering 58．What was the writer doing when he heard the shout of joy from Sir Henry? A．Repairing the pipe. B．Preparing to smoke. C．Drawing up his cart. D．Staring at the garden. 59．What did Sir Henry do when he saw the writer? A．He felt ashamed about his behavior

B．He invited the writer to climb over to share his joy. C．He called his wife to join them. D．He ran away with the three shoots B

Louis Armstrong had two famous nicknames（绰号）. Some people called him Bagamo. They said his mouth looked like a large bag. Musicians often called him Pops, as a sign of respect for his influence（影响）on the world of music.

Born in 1901 in New Orleans, he grew up poor, but lived among great musicians. Jazz was invented in the city a few years before his birth. Armstrong often said, ―Jazz and I grew up together. ‖

Armstrong showed a great talent（天赋）for music when he was taught to play the cornet（短号）at a boy‘s home. In his late teens, Armstrong began to live the life of a musician. He played in parades, clubs, and on the steamboats that travelled on the Mississippi River. At that time, New Orleans was famous for the new music of jazz and was home to many great musicians. Armstrong learned from the older musicians and soon became respected as their equal.

In 1922 he went to Chicago. There, the tale of Louis Armstrong begins. From then until the end of his life, Armstrong was celebrated and loved wherever he went. Armstrong had no equal when it came to playing the American popular song. His cornet playing had a deep humanity（仁爱）and warmth that caused many listeners to say, ―Listening to Pops just makes you feel good all over. ‖He was the father of the jazz style（风格）and also one of the best-known and most-admired people in the world. His death, on July 6, 1971, was headline news around the world.

60. Armstrong was called Pops because he ______. A. looked like a musician B. was a musician of much influence C. showed an interest in music D. travelled to play modern music 61. The third paragraph is developed ______. A. by space B. by examples C. by time D. by comparison 62. Which statement about Armstrong is true?

A. His tale begins in New Orleans. B. He was born before jazz was invented. C. His music was popular with his listeners. D. He learned popular music at a boy‘s home. 63. Which would be the best title for the text?

A. The Invention of the Jazz Music B. The Father of the Jazz Style C. The Making of a Musician D. The Spread of Popular Music

第 11 页 共 11 页

C

A recent Living Social survey showed that Americans may live up to their poor reputation while travelling abroad. But what‘s more surprising is that many of those surveyed self-identified themselves as ‗ugly‘ Americans and the world‘s worst travelers.

Those in the U.S. ranked themselves as the worst travellers by a shocking 20 per cent, followed by 15 per cent saying the Chinese were the most substandard tourists.

Americans topped the list as being the worst-behaved travelers in a survey of 5,600 respondents, 4,000 of whom were Americans. Other respondents were in Australia, Canada, Ireland and the United Kingdom. But even American respondents considered their compatriots(同胞) as the worst travelers from a list of 16 nationalities.

Canadians and Australians also put Americans in the No. 1 spot. Irish respondents pointed to U.K. residents and U.K. respondents gave Germans the nod. On the other hand, 37% of Americans opted for \"none of the above\" in answer to the worst-tourists question, displaying more tolerance and open-mindedness than the other nationalities.

Other survey questions had respondents admitting pilfering from hotels. Four in ten U.S. survey-takers said they‘d stolen something – mostly towels (28%) and bathrobes (8%). Other popular pinched items included pillows, remote controls, Bibles and sheets.

Not surprising is that Americans have less time off from work than other nationalities. Americans reported getting 16 days off, compared with 28 days for the Irish, 27 days for Australians, 23 days for U.K. workers; and 21 days for Canadians.

In the travel mishaps department, the most common travel disaster reported by Americans was lost luggage on an airline (21%)； bad weather (21%)； and getting very lost (16%). As for places Americans most want to see, Disney World and Las Vegas made the top 10, but they weren't at the top of the heap. And New York didn't make the cut. 64. What percentage of American respondents is in the survey? A.20 % B.15% C.71% D.37%

65. The underlined word ―pilfering‖ in Para. 5 most probably means ________. A. taking B. bringing C. stealing D. borrowing.

66. According to the survey, what kind of things are most taken away by Americans? A. towels and pillows B. bathrobes and remote controls. C. towels and Bibles D. bathrobes and towels. 67. What‘s the best title of this passage?

A. Chinese were announced as the world‘s worst travellers. B. The global worst travellers were announced.

C. Disney World is the best destination to Americans. D. European travellers were the best in the world D

Baby girls make their way directly for dolls as soon as they can crawl, while boys will head for cars, a study has shown. The findings, the first to show differences in very young babies, suggest there is a biological basis to their preferences.

Psychologists Dr Brenda Todd from City University London carried out an experiment involving 90 babies aged 9 months to 36 months. The babies were allowed to choose from seven toys. Some were typically boys‘ toys ---- a car, a digger, a ball and a blue teddy. The rest were girls‘ toys: a pink teddy, a doll and a cooking set. They were placed a meter away

第 12 页 共 12 页

from the toys；and could pick whichever toy they liked their choice and the amount of time they spent playing with each toy were recorded.

Of the youngest children (9 to 14 months), girls spent significantly longer playing with the doll than boys, and boys spent much more time with the car and ball than the girls did. Among the two and three-year-olds, girls spent 50 percent of the time playing with the doll while only two boys briefly touched it. The boys spent almost 90 percent of their time playing with cars, which the girls barely touched. There was no link between the parents‘ view on which toys were more appropriate for boys or girls, and the children‘s choice.

Dr Brenda Todd said, ―Children of this age are already exposed to much socialization. Boys may be given ‗toys that go‘ while girls get toys they can care for, which may help shape their preference. But these findings agree with the former idea that children show natural interests in particular kinds of toys. There could be a biological basis for their choices. Males through evolution have been adapted to prefer: moving objects, probably through hunting instincts（本能）, while girls prefer warmer colors such as pink, the colour of a newborn baby.‖ 68. Baby boys and girls have different toy preferences probably because ________. A. baby boys are much more active B. baby girls like bright colours more C. their parents treat them differently D. there is a natural difference between them 69. Both baby boys and baby girls like to play with ________ according to the study. A. a ball B. a teddy C. a car D. a doll 70. What can we infer from Paragraph 3?

A. Nine-month-old baby boys don‘t play with dolls at all.

B. Two-year-old baby girls sometimes play with cars and balls. C. The older the babies are, the more obvious their preference is. D. Parents should teach their babies to share each other‘s toys.

71 What conclusion did Dr. Brenda Todd draw from the results of the study? A. Adults purposely influence their babies‘ preference.

B. Babies‘ preference isn‘t affected by social surroundings. C. Baby boys preferring to moving toys will be good at hunting. D. Baby girls preferring warmer colors will be warm-hearted. E

A new argument has been put forward as to whether penguins are disturbed by the presence of tourists in Antarctica.

Previous research by scientists from Keil University in Germany monitored Adelie penguins and noted that the birds‘ heart rates increased dramatically at the sight of a human as far as 30 meters away. But new research using an artificial egg, which is equipped to measure heart rates, disputes this. Scientists from the Scott Polar Research Institute at Cambridge say that a slow moving human who does not approach the nest too closely, is not viewed as a threat by penguins.

The earlier findings have been used to partly explain the 20 per cent drop in populations of certain types of penguins near tourist sites. However, tour operators have continued to insist that their activities do not adversely affect wildlife in Antarctica, saying they encourage non-disruptive behavior in tourists, and that the decline in penguin numbers is caused by other factors.

Amanda Nimon of the Scott Polar Research Institute spent three southern hemisphere

第 13 页 共 13 页

summers at Cuverville Island in Antarctica studying penguin behavior towards humans. ―A nesting penguin will react very differently to a person rapidly and closely approaching the nest,‖ says Nimon. ―First they exhibit large and prolonged heart rate changes and then they often flee the nest leaving it open for predators (掠夺者) to fly in and remove eggs or chicks.‖ The artificial egg, specially for the project, monitored both the parent who had been ‗disturbed‘ when the egg was placed in the nest and the other parent as they both took it in turns to guard the nest.

However, Boris Culik, who monitored the Adelie penguins, believes that Nimon‘s findings do not invalidate his own research. He points out that species behave differently ---- and Nimon‘s work was with Gentoo penguins. Nimon and her colleagues believe that Culik‘s research was methodologically flawed because the monitoring of penguins‘ responses needed capturing and restraining the birds and fitting them with beart-rate transmitters. Therefore, argues Nimon, it would not be surprising if they became stressed on seeing a human subsequently.

72. According to the passage, what overall message is presented? A. No firm conclusions are drawn.

B. Neither Culik‘s nor Nimon‘s findings are of much value. C. Penguin reduction is closed related to tourist behavior.

D. Tourists are not responsible for the fall in penguin numbers. 73Which ONE argument of the following is stated in the passage? A. Penguins are harder to research when they have young. B. Tour operators should encourage tourists to avoid Antarctica. C. Not all penguins behave in the same way. D. Penguins need better protection from tourists.

74. What do you notice about the views presented in the passage? A. They are groundless. B. They are factual. C. They are descriptive. D. They are conflicting. 75. What does the underlined word (final line) probably mean? A. Later on. B. Calmly. C. Separately. D. In the same place.

五、书面表达

假设你是小明，你家打算改善住房条件.现在有两套房子供选择，一套是位于商业区的现代公寓楼，一套是郊区的传统式房屋。家里人对购买哪套更好持不同的观点。请你根据下面所给的内容，用英语给你的朋友Paul写一封信，征求他的意见。 写作内容:

现代公寓楼宽敞明亮，购物上学方便；

传统式房屋安静，空气清新，邻里之间交往多，氛围和谐。 写作要求:

必须使用5个句子表达全部内容； 将5个句子组成连贯的短文；

信的开头与结尾已给出，不计入总句数。

参考词汇： suburbs 郊区 harmonious 和谐的 Dear Paul,

Recently my family is planning to improve our housing conditions.

第 14 页 共 14 页

What‘s your opinion? Sincerely yours, Xiao Ming

参考答案

21【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词的用法。此处hitting a historical high in November 作结果状语。句意：物价去年开始明显攀升，到11月达到历史新高。

22【解析】选A考查介词短语的含义。此处ahead of time意为：提前。句意：你最好提前预约。 23C

24【解析】选C。句意：塑料袋是为我们提供了方便，但同时也导致了环境污染。contribute to有―导致‖之意，符合句意。adapt to适应；turn to转向，求助于；look forward to盼望。 25【解析】选A。考查动词的正确形式。此处空中应填的词与won并列，故选called。此处是并列谓语。 26~29 BCAC

30【解析】选A。考查固定词组。make sense of理解，明白困难的或看似无法理解的事物。 31 C32【解析】选A。either. . . or. . . 和neither. . . nor. . . 连接并列主语时，谓语动词均适用于就近一致原则。前者就近主语是she，故用is；后者就近主语是you，故用are。 BAA

36-40 DCBBC 41-45 ABBCD 46-50 ABBAC 51-55 CACDC

56-59 ACBB 60-63 BCCB 64-67 CCDB 68-71 DBCB 72-75ACDA 五、One possible version: Dear Paul,

Recently my family are planning to improve our housing conditions. We have different ideas about whether we should buy an old-style house in the suburbs or a flat in the downtown. Some suggest we buy a modern flat because it‘s big and bright, and it‘s conveniently located close to shops and schools.

However, the others are in favor of the old-style house. They consider the air is fresh and it‘s peaceful to live in the suburbs. The most important thing is that neighbours have more chances to communicate with each other to make a harmonious living atmosphere. What‘s your opinion? Sincerely yours, Xiao Ming

第 15 页 共 15 页