Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Research has found that adults today have fewer friends than they did in the 1980s, and that more people say they have no one to discuss important stuff with.
Play the violin. Not just play it — and sing along. A new study suggests that singing is an effective way to make new friends because it helps us bond quickly with others.
For the study, led by Eiluned Pearce, Ph.D.at Oxford University, researchers looked at participants, aged 18 to 83 in adult education classes organized by the Workers' Education Association in the UK. Eighty-four participants were enrolled in one of four singing classes; 51 participants were enrolled in one of two creative crafts classes or a creative writing class.
Over a period of seven months, the classes went weekly. During the first, third, and final months, researchers asked participants to tell how close they felt to their classmates. Results showed something surprising. Although participants in all the classes felt closer to their classmates by the study's end, participants in the singing classes developed that closeness much more quickly.
As for why exactly singing leads to fast group bonding, the researchers say one possible reason is that everyone does it at the same time. Compare that with creative writing or crafting, where everyone is working on an individual project. Another possible cause, according to the researchers, is that singing involves muscular effort, which causes the release of certain molecules (分子) that can make us happier and more willing to cooperate.
The point here is that singing can be a great icebreaker among large groups of strangers, which can lead to individual friendships down the line. “Really close relationships still depend on communication between individuals or much smaller groups，” Pearce said in a release, “but this study shows singing can start the bonding process.”
语篇解读：研究发现很多人一起唱歌时很容易建立友谊关系。 1．What has research found about today's adults? A．They don't really want friends. B．They are looking for new friends. C．They have fewer friends than before.
D．They like discussing important things with friends.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，研究发现，现在的人跟以前相比朋友要少。 2．The researchers didn't expect that ________. A．creative writing classes help people bond B．the participants would become closer to others
C．so many participants would take singing classes D．participants in the singing classes would bond so quickly
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第四段的最后两句可知，这些研究人员没有料到很多人在一起唱歌时会那么快地建立友谊。
3．Paragraph 5 shows that reasons for the results of the research are ________. A．very cheering B．very interesting C．a bit confusing D．not completely possible
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第五段的内容可知，提到的那两点都只是有可能是那些结果的原因，但并不是很确定的，故选D项。
4．According to Eiluned Pearce, really close relationships ________. A．are easy to develop B．depend on one's attitude C．often occur in large groups D．rely on individual communication
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据Eiluned Pearce在末段说的“Really close relationships still depend on communication between individuals or much smaller groups”可知，答案应选D项。
B
More than four in 10 cancers — 600,000 in the UK alone — could be prevented if people led healthier lives, say experts.
Latest figures from Cancer Research UK show smoking is the biggest avoidable risk factor, followed by unhealthy diets.The charity is urging people to consider their health when making New Year resolutions (决心)．Limiting alcohol intake and doing regular exercise are also good advice.
According to the figures from 2007 to 2011, more than 300,000 cases of cancer recorded were linked to smoking.A further 145,000 were linked to unhealthy diets containing too much processed food.Obesity (肥胖) contributed to 88,000 cases and alcohol to 62,200.Sun damage to the skin and physical inactivity were also contributing factors.
Professor Max Parkin, a Cancer Research UK statistician based at Queen Mary University of London, said，“There's now little doubt that certain lifestyle choices can have a big impact on
cancer risk, with research around the world all pointing to the same key risk factors.”
“Of course everyone enjoys some extra treats during the Christmas holidays, so we don't want to ban beef pies and wine; but it's a good time to think about taking up some healthy habits for 2015.”
“Leading a healthy lifestyle can't guarantee someone won't get cancer, but we can stack_the_odds_in_our_favor by taking positive steps now that will help decrease our cancer risk in future.”
Public Health England says a healthy lifestyle can play an important role in reducing cancer risk.It says campaigns such as Smokefree, Dry January and Change4Life Sugar Swaps all aim to raise public awareness.It's important that we continue making progress to detect cancer earlier and improve treatments, but helping people understand how they can reduce their risk of developing cancer in the first place remains crucial in dealing with cancer.
语篇解读：健康的生活方式非常重要，因为英国的一项调查显示，如果人们拥有健康的生活方式，那么十分之四的癌症是可以避免的。
5．What is the third biggest risk factor causing cancer from 2007 to 2011? A．Obesity. C．Unhealthy diets.
B．Alcohol intake. D．Physical inactivity.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，致癌因素中排名第一的是吸烟，第二是不健康的饮食，第三是肥胖，第四是饮酒。
6．According to Professor Max Parkin, ________. A．it's OK to drink wine during festivals B．the reason for cancer is still unclear now C．unhealthy food should be completely banned D．a healthy lifestyle will protect us from cancer
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第五段可知，Max Parkin教授虽然极力倡导健康的生活方式，但他认为节假日期间少量喝酒还是可以的。
7．The underlined words “stack the odds in our favor” in Paragraph 6 probably mean ________.
A．change our lives C．avoid becoming ill
B．gain more wealth D．improve the situation
解析：选D 词义猜测题。根据语境可知，健康的生活方式虽然不能确保我们不得癌症，但是积极地采取可以帮助我们减少患癌风险的措施能使“情况对我们有利”，因此D项符
合语境。
8．What is the text mainly about? A．Different factors lead to cancer. B．Most cancers are caused by smoking. C．Cancer is greatly linked to our lifestyles.
D．Public awareness should be raised to prevent cancer.
解析：选C 主旨大意题。本文开篇点题，强调生活方式与癌症之间的关系，即健康的生活方式可以降低得癌症的几率，因此C项能概括本文主旨。
C
Imagine you've had a fight with your best friend.It's a stupid fight, something you will both get over.But right now you are upset.When you walk in the door, your mom asks what's wrong.How are you mostly likely to respond？Have a long, comforting talk about it with her.Or head to the fridge for the ice cream.But can that really help you feel better — or just make you feel sickeningly full?
Emotional eating is when people use food as a way to deal with feelings instead of to satisfy hunger.We've all been there, finishing a whole bag of chips or eating cookie after cookie while preparing for a coming exam.But when done a lot — especially without realizing it — emotional eating can affect weight, health, and well-being.
One of the biggest beliefs about emotional eating is that it's caused by negative feelings.Yes, people often turn to food when they're stressed out, lonely, sad, anxious, or bored.Nevertheless, emotional eating can be linked to positive feelings too, like the romance of sharing dessert on Valentine's Day or the celebration of a holiday feast.More often, though, it's the countless little daily stresses that cause someone to seek comfort or relaxation in food.
We all have our own comfort foods.Amazingly, they may vary according to moods and sex.One study found that happy people seem to want to eat things like pizza, while sad people prefer ice cream and cookies.Bored people desire salty, fragile things, like chips.Girls go for chocolate and ice cream.
This brings up a curious question: Does no one take comfort in carrots and cabbages？Researchers are looking into that, too.What they're finding is that high-fat foods, like ice cream, may activate certain chemicals in the body that create a sense of contentment and fulfillment, which may actually make you reach for these foods again when feeling upset.
We're all emotional eaters to some extent.But for some people, emotional eating can be a real problem, causing serious problems such as weight gain.
Managing emotional eating means finding other ways to deal with the situations and feelings that make someone turn to food.For example, do you come home from school each day and
automatically head to the kitchen？Stop and ask yourself, “Am I really hungry？” “Are you having difficulty concentrating？” If these signs point to hunger, choose something light and healthy to take the edge off until dinner.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了情绪化饮食及其带来的问题和解决办法。 9．The first two paragraphs are designed to ________. A．offer advice on how to comfort an annoyed child B．put forward the idea of emotional eating C．explain the function of eating an ice cream D．stress the importance of friendship
解析：选B 写作意图题。文章前两段通过描写与朋友吵架后用情绪化饮食来调解情绪的事例，旨在引出话题——情绪化饮食。故答案选B。
10．People turn to emotional eating because ________. A．they suffer from weight problems B．they have a strong desire for food C．they benefit a lot from eating
D．they want to seek comfort or relaxation
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Emotional eating is when people use food as a way to deal with feelings instead of to satisfy hunger.”可知，人们通过情绪化饮食来寻求安慰和放松。故答案选D。
11．Which of the following may not serve as comfort food? A．Carrots. C．Chips.
B．Pizzas. D．Cookies.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第四段中提到的安慰的食物及第五段可知，胡萝卜不作为获得安慰的食物。故答案选A。
12．What's the main idea of the last paragraph? A．Eat whenever you can't concentrate. B．It is natural to feel hungry after school.
C．There are ways to break the cycle of emotional eating. D．It's hard to tell physical hunger from mental hunger.
解析：选C 段落大意题。文章最后一段主要介绍了解决情绪化饮食的办法。故答案选C。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Most of you love watching movies.They can be funny, sad, imaginative, inspiring, and so much more！There are so many possibilities and so many great movies to watch!
The making of a movie usually begins with a script (剧本)．__1__ The producer is the person who is responsible for coordinating (协调) aspects of the film like budget and scheduling.The producer plans out how the project will be carried out and he usually starts by hiring a director!
__2__ The director will usually identify themes or feelings that he or she wants the movie to convey to its audience and will then assemble (聚集) all the other people who will be needed, such as costume-designers, makeup artists, special effects crew, stuntmen (特技人), cameramen, and, of course, actors!
Next, shooting begins! __3__ Often a director will want to get several “takes” (versions) of a scene or moment and usually only a few minutes of the movie are finished in one day's work. __4__ So once filming is completed, the director must then work with editors to piece them all together, deciding which takes to use and adding in any special effects or touch-ups.
The entire process from acquiring the script to editing the scenes generally takes months or even years! Once it's ready, the finished movie is then distributed to movie theatres.__5__
A．Scenes are also usually not shot in order. B．The actual filming can be a slow process.
C．The way that movies are made has changed a lot over time. D．It gets bought by a movie studio or a producer.
E．The producer plays a very important role in making a movie. F．In movies, the director's job is to bring the script to life on camera. G．People can watch and enjoy it in the theatre.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了电影的制作过程。
1．选D 根据上下文，电影制作以剧本开始，此处谈剧本被电影工作室或制片人购买，然后制片人协调制作电影的各个方面。
2．选F 根据下文电影导演具体的职责，此处提出导演的工作性质。
3．选B 根据上下文，接下来开始拍摄电影。此处说明电影制作过程并不容易。 4．选A 根据上文，电影每一幕拍摄都非常复杂，故此处谈电影一幕幕的拍摄通常不是按原定顺序。
5．选G 根据上文综述了电影的制作过程，一旦电影准备好了，就送到电影院，此处说明人们就可以在电影院里享受电影了。
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