中考英语翻译概述
英语中考翻译考点分析:
中考英语语篇翻译主要考察词法(词义、词性用法,短语意思及用法),句法(简单句基本结
构和成分,复合句 ),以及中英文表达差异和语境。
如何准备英语中考翻译:
针对上述考点,学生应从以下几方面做好充分准备: 1. 掌握教材中的必认读写词汇。
2. 熟练运用教材词汇表中的短语,同时加强介词短语的记忆。
3. 掌握句子的基本结构和成分以及各种成分所包含的内容和句子中所放位置。 4. 掌握并熟练运用初中阶段三大从句:状语从句,宾语从句,定语从句
5. 加强翻译练习:考试不会脱离教材,学生可把教材中的句子反复翻译,找出教材翻译和自己翻译的不同点,加强印象。
学生在语篇翻译中存在的问题:
1. 词性乱用:记忆单词时不注意词性记忆,同时不知道各种词性的用法,导致各种词性乱用。 2. 短语运用不熟练:知道短语的意思,但对于短语结构不熟悉,导致翻译和写作时使用不当,尤其是be+ 形容词+介词短语的使用。
3. 常见句型掌握不当:初中阶段重要句型结构运用不当。
4.句子结构和成分混乱:英译中时各种成分翻译成中文时位置不清楚,导致不符合中文表达习惯,总不通顺。中译英时各种句子结构和成分位置乱放,导致不符合英语表达习惯,造成句子不通顺。 5.中考中熟词僻义词掌握不够:只知道常用词义,导致翻译中意思不准。
句子成分之定语和状语
句子成分包括:主、谓、宾、定、状、补,在句子结构中我们已经提到主、谓、宾、
补(宾补),在此重点讨论定语和状语。
定语的概念:
定语在英语中主要起修饰限定名词使用,通常表示“...的”,可放于名词前和后。在名词前叫“前置定语”,反之叫“后置定语”。
前置定语:形容词、名词、冠词、数词或单个doing等,例:book store, swimming pool
1.介词短语(表穿戴、所属、地点、方式,伴随等)
例:pictures on the wall, the boy with a cat,the girl in red
后置定语
2.非谓语做后置定语(to do, doing, done),在初中阶段主要接触done和to do 例:The boy called Jack is my friend. I have a lot of work to do tonight. 3.定语从句(专题讲解)
状语的概念:
状语主要来表示地点、时间、伴随、原因、目的,方式等介词短语或者单个的副词。 1.评论性的副词用于句首或者修饰动词短语放于其后,均为状语(表状态或程度) 例: The little girl cried loudly. (状态)
Unluckily, we failed the football match at last. 2.其他状语一般会涉及到介词的使用:
例:我每天下午和朋友一起在学校打篮球是为了耍帅。
I play basketball with my friends at school every afternoon in order to show off.
方式 地点 时间 目的 一个句子中可能会同时存在几个状语:
时间、目的状语可位于句首(一般用“,”和主句隔开),也可直接放于句尾。 (last week,) I went to Beijing (last week).
(to catch the early bus), I got up at four yesterday (to catch the early bus).
注意:一般情况下,中译英时状语放在句尾,多个状语同时存在目的状语最后,其他状语次序可调整,英译中时,状语放在主语和谓语之间
常见介词的基本用法:
“和...” talk with / communicate with/ fight with/share sth with sb.
“用工具”with a knife(用一把刀),
1.with的用法: “带着”the man with a hat,He went out with a red face. “随着” with the development of science (随着科学的发展) With the time going on 随着时间的推移
+时间 月/年 in the morning/afternoon/ evening in+时间段用在过去时表示“在
..之内),用于将来时表示“在一段时间之后”。
2.In的用法: “用语言/方式” in English/Chinese in this way(通过这种方式)
“在...里面” in China, in the dinning room
“在...方面” be interested in, do well in, spend...in doing, have trouble in doing, be weak in...
+时间 具体时刻 at night, at eight last night, at this time, at that moment, at the age of At the beginning/end of
3.at的用法: +小地点:at school/ home/the airport, call at +地方(拜访某地),at the top of sth.
“朝向” shout at/laugh at sb/point at 有敌意...
其他:be good at, look at, at last, at least(至少),at first 首先,knock at
“大约” about 100 meters.
“关于” I wrote a book about his childhood. They had a talk about the plan. worry about...(担心)be sure about sb. (确定...)
“乘坐” by bus/ air/ bike/car/ship
5.by的用法: “在..时间之前” by now, by the end of+周/月/年
“用...方式” His mother taught his son by telling stories. 一般+V-ing 短语.
+时间,具体到天或者某天的早上、下午、晚上 on a hot day/ on weekends 6. On的用法: “在...表面” on the desk, on the wall
4. About的用法 其他 think about sth, hear about (听说), talk about sth (讨论...), care about (关心)
其他:go on to do/ doing..., on a holiday/vocation, spend...on sth, from now on, depend
On, live on sth (靠...活着). Get on well with ..., on purpose 故意地
“从,来自+地方/人” come from China. I borrow this book from Jack. Learn from sb/sth (从...学到)
7. From的用法: “从...+时间/地点” from yesterday, from 1995 to 2005
其他:be different from, from now on (从现在开始),be made from (由...组成)
8. Without的用法:“没有” without water, we could not live. He left the room without saying anything. 9. After: 在...后面 +人/ 物/时间
10. Behind: 在...背后 hide behind the door,
11. Before 在...前面 +人/物/时间 He sits before me. Before yesterday
12. Against 反对/对抗 fight against sb/sth stand against the door 靠着门站着
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