专业英语四级(语法与词汇)模拟试卷402 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有: 3. LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE
PART III LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words, phrases or statements marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the sentence.
1. Some narratives seem more like plays, heavy with dialogue by which writers allow their _____ to reveal themselves.
A.characters B.characteristics C.charisma
D.characterizations
正确答案:A
解析:题干中的by which指代“通过对话”,通过对话来展现的,当然应该是“人物角色”。characters“角色”符合语境,故选A。characteristics“(某物或某人易于识别的)特征”,代入后语义不通。charisma“魅力”是不可数名词,没有复数形式,与下文的themselves相矛盾。characterizations表示“人物刻画”,对话展现的应是“人物角色”,而非“人物刻画”,故也排除。 知识模块:词汇
2. She’s worn his designs on _____ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.
A.countless B.countable C.numerical D.numeral
正确答案:A
解析:介词短语from red carpets to movie premieres“从走红毯到电影首映”作定语,修饰occasions,表明场合非常之多,A项countless“无数的,数不尽的”即可表达这个意思,且能修饰可数名词,故为答案。countable“可数的”、numerical“数字的;数值的”、numeral“数字的”代入后句意不通,故排除。 知识模块:词汇
3. We met Mary and her husband at a party two months ago. _____ we’ve had no further communication.
A.Thereof B.Thereby C.Thereafter D.Thereabouts
正确答案:C 解析:thereafter“其后,此后”,可用于句首连接句子,如:Thereafter we heard no more of this suggestion.(此后这个建议不再有人提起了。)thereof“其,其中”,如:an evil and the remedy thereof(一项弊端及其补救办法);thereby“借此,由此”;thereabouts“在那附近,大约”。 知识模块:词汇
4. Your advice would be ______ valuable to him, who is now at a loss as to what to do first.
A.exceedingly B.excessively C.extensively D.exclusively
正确答案:A
解析:exceedingly“非常,极其”,符合题意。例如:They were exceedingly generous.(他们非常慷慨。)excessively“(贬)过分地”,extensively“广泛地”,exclusively“排他地,专有地”。 知识模块:词汇
5. The teacher ______ expects his students to pass the university entrance examination.
A.confidentially B.proudly C.assuredly D.confidently
正确答案:D
解析:confidently表示“自信地,对……有信心地”,符合本句句意,为正确选项。confidentially表示“机密地、推心置腹地”;proudly表示“骄傲地、自豪地”,这两个选项明显与句意不符。assuredly表示“肯定地、自信地”,但一般只用于对自己(所要说的话)有信心。 知识模块:词汇
6. In winter drivers have trouble stopping their cars from ______ on icy roads. A.skating B.skidding C.sliding D.slipping
正确答案:B
解析:skidding“(因为路面滑而向一侧)打滑”,尤指汽车或自行车的车轮失控打滑,符合题意,选B。skating“滑冰”,不符合题意;sliding“(顺畅地在光滑的表面上)滑行,滑动”;slipping“失足,滑倒”。 知识模块:词汇
7. She answered with an ______ “No” to the request that she attend the public
hearing.
A.eloquent B.effective C.emotional D.emphatic
正确答案:D
解析:emphatic表示“语气的加强”,在这句话里表示说话者的决心坚定,因此D为正确选项。eloquent“雄辩的”;effective“有效的”;emotional“易动感情的”。 知识模块:词汇
8. The motorist had to ______ to avoid knocking the old woman down in the middle of the road.
A.swerve B.twist C.depart D.swing
正确答案:A
解析:swerve意为“突然转向,突然离开正路”,强调“突然”改变方向,符合题意,因此A为正确答案。twist表示“扭曲,盘旋”,强调蜿蜒曲折的情形;depart意为“启程,离开”;swing表示“来回摆动,摇荡,回旋”。 知识模块:词汇
9. ______ and business leaders were delighted at the decision to hold the national motor fair in the city.
A.Civil B.Civilized C.Civilian D.Civic
正确答案:D
解析:填入空格的词应为形容词,与business并列,共同作leaders的定语。与“商业领袖”并列的应该是“市领导”,故选D项Civic“城镇的,市政的;市民的”。Civil“平民的,公民的”;Civilized“文明的,开化的”;Civilian“平民,百姓”。 知识模块:词汇
10. The patterns of spoken language are ______ from those of writing. A.distinct B.distinctive C.distinguished D.distinguishing
正确答案:A
解析:distinct“有区别的,不同的”,特别指有别于同类事物,与from搭配,意为“与……有所区别”,A正确。distinctive“特有的,有特色的”,如:Beer has a very distinctive smell.(啤酒有一种特殊的味道。)它不能与from搭配使用。distinguish“使区别于”,与from搭配意为“把……区分开来”,如果选C,题干的意思变为“人们把口语的格式从书面语中区分出来”,不符合常理。选项D语法错误。 知识模块:词汇
11. Due to personality ______, the two colleagues never got on well in work. A.contradiction B.conflict
C.confrontation D.competition
正确答案:B
解析:contradiction表示的是事物之间矛盾的状态,主要是指言辞、看法或观点上的矛盾与冲突:而conflict是指人与人、国与国之间在价值观、利益、行为等方面的不同或冲突:confrontation是指双方对抗或对峙的局面,通常是在双方意见迥异的情况下;competition是指竞赛。本句里是指两个人性格相反或不同才导致相处不好,conflict在意思上最合适,故选B。 知识模块:词汇
12. Many people are ______ to insect bites, and some even have to go to hospital.
A.insensitive B.allergic C.sensible D.infected
正确答案:B
解析:很多人都对昆虫的叮咬过敏,因此allergic“过敏的”符合题意。insensitive“不敏感的”;sensible“明智的”;infected“感染的”。 知识模块:词汇
13. Tim has failed three courses this semester, so he will have to ______ them next semester.
A.remake B.repeat C.reapply D.revise
正确答案:B 解析:remake“重制”;repeat“重复”;reapply“重新申请,重新运用”;revise“修订,修改”。用repeat指重复上同样的课,故选B。 知识模块:词汇
14. The scientists have made an ______ study of the viruses that cause the
disease.
A.exhausted B.exhausting C.exhaustive D.exhaustion
正确答案:C
解析:exhausted表示(be)worn out“疲惫的”;exhausting“令人疲乏不堪的”;exhaustive“无遗漏的、详尽的”,如exhaustive discussion(详细的讨论);exhaustion是名词,意为“耗尽,疲惫,筋疲力尽,竭尽”,如nervous exhaustion(神经衰弱)。综合以上词义,可以判断正确答案为C。 知识模块:词汇
15. The popularity of the film shows that the reviewers’ fears were completely ______.
A.unjustified B.unjust C.misguided D.unaccepted
正确答案:A 解析:unjustified表示“未被证明正确(正当)的”,“没有根据(理由)的”;unjust“不公平的”;misguided“被误导的,被引入歧途的”;unaccepted表示“未被接纳的,被拒绝的”。据上分析,unjustified符合题意,选A。 知识模块:词汇
16. I think you can take a(n)______ language course to improve your English. A.intermediate B.middle C.medium D.mid
正确答案:A
解析:intermediate“中级的”,指“处于发展过程的中间阶段或状态”, 如:intermediate interpretation course(中级口译课程),符合题意。middle强调位置上的居中,如:the middle point on a line(一条线段的中点)。medium“程度中等”,有“普通、平庸”的含义,如:of medium height(中等身高)。 知识模块:词汇
17. Once a picture is proved to be a forgery, it becomes quite ______. A.invaluable B.priceless C.unworthy D.worthless
正确答案:D
解析:四个选项中只有worthless表示“没有价值的”,为正确选项,而
invaluable和priceless都表示“极有价值的”,与句意刚好相反。unworthy“不值的,不足取的”,常作表语形容词,后跟介词of,如:a bad plan unworthy of our consideration(不值得我们考虑的糟糕计划),在语义和语法上都不符合句子要求。 知识模块:词汇
18. The heat in summer is no less ______ here in this mountain region. A.concentrated B.extensive C.intense D.intensive
正确答案:C
解析:concentrated“集中的,浓缩的”,从动词concentrate转化而来,侧重“集中、专注”;extensive“广阔的,广泛的”;intensive“密集的,加强的”,常用于指在短期内为达到某个目的而高强度地做某事;intense“强烈的,剧烈的”,常用来表达感情或感受的强度,如:intense heat(酷暑),故C正确。 知识模块:词汇
19. The couple has donated a not ______ amount of money to the foundation. A.inconsiderable B.inconsiderate C.inaccurate D.incomparable
正确答案:A 解析:inconsiderable意思是“微小的,价值低的”;inconsiderate“不体贴的”:inaccurate“不准确的”;incomparable“无双的,不可比拟的”。只有A符合题意,可以修饰money。 知识模块:词汇
20. The first two stages in the development of civilized man were probably the invention of weapons and the discovery of fire, although nobody knows exactly when he acquired the use of the ______.
A.latter B.latest C.later D.last
正确答案:A
解析:latter“两者中的后者”,符合题意选A。latest“最新的,最近的”,如:the latest design(最新设计)。later“更迟的,更后的;稍后,随后”,如:He will come later.(他稍后就来。)last“最后的”,如:the last moment(最后一刻)。 知识模块:词汇
21. The economic recession has meant that job ______ is a rare thing.
A.security B.safety C.protection D.secureness
正确答案:A
解析:security是指“稳定,有保障”;safety是指“安全性”;protection是“保护、保卫”;secureness这种名词形式很少见,是指“稳定”的抽象意义。因此,只有A符合题意。 知识模块:词汇
22. The bar in the club is for the ______ use of its members. A.extensive B.exclusive C.inclusive
D.comprehensive
正确答案:B
解析:extensive“广泛的,大量的”;exclusive“排外的,唯一的,独有的”;inclusive“包含的,包括的”;comprehensive“全面的,广泛的,能充分理解的”。只有B符合题意,for the exclusive use of(仅供……使用)。 知识模块:词汇
23. In my first year at the university I learnt the ______ of journalism. A.basics B.basic
C.elementary D.elements
正确答案:A
解析:B和C都是形容词,可以排除。A和D都是名词复数,都有“基础”的意思,容易混淆。这两个词的区别在习惯搭配上,通常说to learn the basics of journalism/math,而不说to learn the elements of journalism/math,故选A。 知识模块:词汇
24. On the road motorists should be aware of cyclists and be______towards them.
A.considerable B.considering C.considerate D.considered
正确答案:C
解析:空格前并列的成份aware of cyclists表明此处应填入表“体贴”之义的词,故答案为considerate“体贴的,为他人考虑的”。considerable“相当大的,重要的”;considering为consider“考虑”的现在分词,不与介词towards连用;
considered意为“被认为”,也不与towards连用。 知识模块:词汇
25. It was suggested that all government ministers should______information on their financial interests.
A.discover B.uncover C.tell
D.disclose
正确答案:D
解析:disclose“透露,披露”,强调自发地让某个不为人知的秘密公诸于众,符合题意。uncover“揭开,揭露”,与discover同义,强调发现某个被隐瞒的事实并揭露出来。tell一词不与information搭配。 知识模块:词汇
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