PRRSV非结构蛋白与病毒逃逸宿主免疫反应的机制
作者:王亚磊等
来源:《江苏农业科学》2014年第05期
摘要:猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)是当今养猪业面临的最严重的病毒病原体之一。病毒在猪群中持久存在给控制和消除该疾病带来了挑战。其持久存在的生理基础包括逃逸宿主的先天性免疫和适应性免疫应答,而抑制Ⅰ型干扰素的产生是主要途径。本文主要阐述PRRSV通过非结构蛋白(NSP)干扰RIG-Ⅰ/MDA5等信号通路,抑制Ⅰ型干扰素产生,逃避宿主免疫反应的机制。
关键词:猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒;非结构蛋白;Ⅰ型干扰素;免疫逃逸 中图分类号: S852.65+1文献标志码: A文章编号:1002-1302(2014)05-0165-03 猪繁殖与呼吸综合征俗称 “猪蓝耳病”,是一种高度传染性疾病,其典型病症为高热、母猪繁殖障碍和仔猪呼吸道症状,病原为猪繁殖和呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)。该病最早于1987年在美国暴发,随后很快传播至欧洲各国[1]。郭宝清等[2]首次从疑似本病的猪群中成功分离到PRRSV,从而证明该病在我国的存在。在养猪生产中PRRSV的感染主要表现出亚临床状态,作为辅因子参与多种病原物引起的疾病综合征,如猪呼吸道疾病综合征和猪圆环病毒相关疾病给养猪业造成巨大的损失。 1PRRSV的结构特征
PRRSV属于动脉炎病毒科、动脉炎病毒属,是一种有囊膜的单股正链RNA病毒,其基因组RNA具有高度的变异性和感染性。首次于1991年在荷兰被分离并被命名为Lelystad病毒(LV)[1],不久后PRRSV在美国被分离并命名为 NSP2和NSP7等能抑制IFN的产生,或影响干扰素信号通路,进而逃逸宿主的免疫监视。 2.1NSP抑制宿主干扰素产生
干扰素(interferon,IFN)是一种多功能细胞因子,在抵抗病毒和建立适应性免疫应答方面发挥重要作用,分为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型,而Ⅰ型干扰素在抵御病毒感染的早期起主要作用。大量研究表明,Ⅰ型干扰素预处理可抑制PRRSV在细胞中的复制[13-16],然而在病毒感染的MARC-145(猴胚胎肾上皮细胞)和肺泡巨噬细胞IFN产生受到明显抑制猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒在猪群中持久存在给控制和消灭疾病带来了巨大的挑战。先天性免疫,尤其是Ⅰ型IFN的信号通路,是宿主细胞对抗病毒感染的第一防线,PRRSV感染后NSP引起宿主先天性免疫和适应性免疫应答不足,导致PRRSV在宿主肺部巨噬细胞上持续存在和复制。尽管对PRRSV
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介导的先天性免疫反应调节的研究取得了进展,但主要是来自MARC-145上得出的结论。在 MARC-145细胞中,PRRSV疫苗株并没有表现出对IFN的敏感性,然而在PAMS中PRRSV强毒株和疫苗株都对干扰素敏感,因此,有必要进一步研究PRRSV影响宿主免疫反应的分子机理,阐明PRRSV NSP在病毒逃逸宿主免疫反应中的作用,为新型PRRSV疫苗的开发和PRRS的控制提供新的思路。 参考文献:
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