现在完成时结构

陈述句：S（主语）+ have/ has + 动词过去分词

I have had dinner.

否定形式：S（主语）+ hasn't/haven't + 动词的过去分词

I haven’t had dinner.

疑问形式：Have/has + S(主语) +动词过去分词

Have you had dinner

肯定回答：Yes, S(主语)+ have/ has. 否定回答：No, S（主语）+ have/ has+ not.

现在完成时适用范围：

1、谈论过去发生的事情，但是发生的时间不重要. . She has broken her arm. 她伤了她的胳膊. 2、谈论过去发生的某事，但对现在造成了影响

. She has broken her arm, so she can’t play basketball. 她伤了她的胳膊, 所以她不能打篮球了.

3、过去开始的某事，现在还在继续.

. He has lived in China for 20 years. 他已经在中国住了20年了.

He has lived in China since 1993.

4. 刚刚发生的事情.

. They have just arrived at the airport. 他们刚刚到达了机场.

5. 经历或取得的成就.

. He has passed his math exam with a high mark. 他以高分通过了他的数学考试.

现在完成时态中的重要标志词

already, yet, just, never, ever用法区别

1、 already意思是“已经”

A、通常用于陈述句中（放在have和has的后面）

B、也可用于疑问句，表示期望得到肯定的回答或表示惊异，此时

already常放在句末。

She has already found her bike.

Has she found her bike already她已经找到自行车了

2、yet用法

A、yet可用于否定句，此时译为“还”；

I haven’t found my ruler yet.

B、也可以用于疑问句，译为“已经”（放在have和has的后面也可放在句末）

Have you found your ruler yet你已经找到尺子了吗

3、just只用于陈述句意思是“刚才”（放在have和has的后面）

I have just received a letter.

4、never用于否定句译为“从不”（放在have和has的后面）

I’ve never been to Beijing.

5、ever用于疑问句译为“曾经”（放在have和has的后面）

Have you ever been to Beijing

规则动词过去分词和过去式变法一样

1、一般情况在词尾+ ed clean --- cleaned

2、以不发音的e结尾的词+ d arrive --- arrived

3. 辅音字母+y结尾的去y加ied empty --- emptied

4. 双写最后一个辅音字母加ed stop --- stopped

不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律

1、A: put–put–put let-let–let 2、ABA: come—came—come 3、ABB: stand—stood—stood 4、ABC: eat— ate—eaten

AAA：cost-cost-cost read-read-read

put-put-put cut-cut-cut

let-let-let set-set-set AAA变化的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。

特殊：动词read, 变化是read-read-read，但发音分别是[ri:d]-[red]-[red]。

ABA：有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的: run-ran-run come-came-come

become-became-become

ABC：

原型 过去式 过去分词 例词 -eak -ear -ow（aw） -oke -ore -ew -oken -orn -own speak wear grow(种,生长), know, throw, draw -i- -a- -u- swim, drink, sing, begin -i-

-o- -n drive, rise, write ABC有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变成以en结尾的单词。 take-took-taken give-gave-given fall-fell-fallen eat-ate-eaten write-wrote-written speak-spoke-spoken forget-forgot-forgotten (forgot)

特殊情况

am/is-was-been are-were-been,

do (does)-did-done go-went-gone

see-saw-seen