第01讲_Unit 12 词汇与语法基础
知识图谱
-Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected.过去完成时Unit12 词汇应用第01讲_Unit 12 词汇与语法基础
错题回顾
Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected.
知识精讲 一、必背词汇
backpack n. 背包；旅行包 oversleep v. 睡过头；睡得太久 miss v. 错过；未得到
unexpected adj. 出乎意料的；始料不及的 block n. 街区
worker n. 工作者；工人 stare v. 盯着看；凝视 disbelief n. 不信；怀疑
above adv. 在上面；向上面prep. 在⋯上面
burn v. (burnt, burned; burnt, burned) 着火；燃烧 alive adj. 活着；有生气的 till conj. & prep. 到；直到
west adv. 向西adj. 向西的；西部的 n.西方 cream n. 奶油；乳脂 boss n. 老板；领导 pie n. 果馅饼；果馅派 course n. 课程 bean n. 豆；豆荚 market n. 市场；集市
costume n. 服装；装束
embarrassed adj. 窘迫的；害羞的 announce v. 宣布；宣告 spaghetti n. 意大利面条 hoax n. 骗局；恶作剧 discovery n. 发现；发觉 lady n. 女士；女子 officer n.军官；官员
believable adj. 可相信的；可信任的
embarrassing adj.使人害羞的（难堪的，惭愧的）
二、重点词汇
1. miss verb /mɪs/
1). to fail to do or experience something, often something planned or expected, or to avoid doing or experiencing something 未做到；未体验；避开；幸免于;错过
例句：
You'll miss your flight if you don't hurry up. 如果你不快点，
会误了火车的。
I missed the start of the class because my bus was late. 我没有赶上考试开始，因为我坐的公共汽车晚了。
2). to fail to hit something, or to avoid hitting
something 未击中，未打中；避开
例句：
The bullet missed his heart by a couple of centimeters. 子弹差几厘米就击中了他的心脏。
He threw a book at me, but he/it missed. 他朝我扔了一本书，但没打中。
3). to feel sad that a person or thing is not present 想念，
惦念；怀念，思念
例句：
I really missed her when she went away. 她离开的时候我非常想念她 I still miss my old car. 我仍惦念着我的旧汽车。
2. believe verb /bɪˈliːv/
to think that something is true, correct, or real 相信 例句：
He believes that all children are born with equal intelligence. 他相信孩子们出生时智商是一样的。
All the crew are missing, believed dead. 机组人员全部失踪，据信都已遇难。 【拓展】
以believe为动词性，由它引申出的其他词性也要掌握，如： belief 相信；信
仰 disbelief 不信；怀疑 believable 相信
的 unbelievable 难以置信的
3. course noun /kɔːs/
1). a set of classes or a plan of study on a particular
subject, usually leading to an exam or qualification 课程；教程
例句：
They're going away on a training course next week. 下星期他们要出去上实习课。
I did a course in creative writing. 我曾修过创作写作课程。 2). the often gradual development of something, or the way something happens, or a way of doing something 进展；进程；经过，过程
例句：
In the course of (= during) the interview it became clear that he was not the right person for the job. 面试表明他并不适合这份工作。
4. embarrass verb /ɪmˈbærəs/
to cause someone to feel nervous, worried, or uncomfortable 使尴尬，使窘迫；使为难 例句：
Look, you've embarrassed him - he's gone bright red! 看，你让他感到尴尬了——他脸都红了！
I didn't want to embarrass her in front of her friends. 我并不想在她朋友面前让她感到难堪。
5. discover verb /dɪˈskʌvə/
to find information, a place, or an object, especially for the first time
（尤指首次）发现，找到 例句：
Who discovered America? 谁发现了美洲？
Scientists have discovered how to predict an earthquake. 科学家们找到了预测地震的方法。 【拓展】
discover以cover为词根，意为“覆盖”；dis-前缀表否定，所以
discover的原始含义就是“不覆盖”，喻指让隐藏的事物重见天日。还有几个以cover为词根的词也要掌握：
discovery n. 发
现 coverage n. 新闻报道 recover v. 恢
复 recovery n. 恢复，康复
三、必背短语
1. be full of 充满，装
满 2. go off 离开，消失
3.put on 穿
上 4. give … a lift 捎……一程
5. end up doing sth. 结束做某
事 6. be about to do sth. 即将做某事
7. wait in line 排队等
候 8. stare at 盯着看
9. hear about 听
说 10. turn into 变成
11. show up 赶到，露
面 12. costume party 化装舞会
13. sell out 卖光
四、经典句型
When I got to school, I realized that I had left my backpack at home.
当我到学校时，我才意识得到我把书包落家里了。 By the time I got back to school, the bell had rung. 我返回学校的时候，上课铃已经响了。
Before I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left. 在我到达车站之前，公交车就已经离开了。
As I was waiting in line with the other office workers, I heard a loud sound.
当我跟其他办公室工作人员排队等候的时候，我听到了一声巨响。 Many people ran to their local supermarkets to buy as much spaghetti as they could.
很多人跑去当地的超市，尽可能多地买意大利面。 三点剖析 一、考点
1. 熟练掌握过去完成时的用法。
2. 能够区分过去时和过去完成时的联系和区别。
3. 能够通过听懂并理解有关过去的事件，并能够书面表达出已经发生的故事。
二、易错点
1. 过去完成时
过去完成时与现在完成时对应，可以对应起来理解。现在完成时表示“过去的动作持续到现在或对现在造成影响”，那么过去完成时就是表示“动作持续发生，但在过去的某个时间点就终止了”，其实就是把现在完成时推到了过去，为了好判断，我们一般会用“过去的过去”来判断，如：
The play had already started when we got to the theatre. 当我们到达剧院时，话剧已经开始了。
He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study.
在他去英国深造前，他已经学了八年的英语了。 例题：
By the time he _________ at the railway station, the train _________.
A. had arrived; had
left B. arrived; had left
C. arrived;
left D. arrived; has left
【答案】B
【解析】考查过去完成时。by the time 后跟过去的时间，主句则符合“过去的过去”，用过去完成时，故选B。 题模精讲
题模一 Unit12 词汇应用
例1.1、
The street lights come on at dusk and _________ at dawn. A、 go down
B、 go up
C、 go off
D、 go over
例1.2、
根据括号提示填空
1）. I was late for school because I _________ （睡过头）. 2）. As we all know, France is a _________ （west） country. 题模二 过去完成时
例2.1、
By the time I locked the door, I realized I _________ my keys at home. A、 had repaired
B、 had changed
C、 had forgotten
D、 had left
例2.2、
根据中文提示，完成句子
1）. 我意识到我把书包忘在家里了。
I realized that I _________ _________ my schoolbag at home. 2）. 在我到火车站之前，火车已经离开了。
_________ _________ _________ I got to the railway station, the train _________ already _________. 随堂练习
随练1.1、
The boy sat on the curb and watched the cars _________. A、 go by
B、 go off
C、 go down
D、 go on
随练1.2、
His mother, fearing he would _________ in prison, sent him to the USA. A、 come up
B、 put up
C、 end up
D、 get up
随练1.3、
The Smiths have decided _________ a house near the sea. A、 buy
B、 bought
C、 buying
D、 to buy
随练1.4、
根据括号提示完成句子
1. I’m sure you won’t _________ （错过） it. 2. Fires were _________ （燃烧） all over the city.
3. They were so surprised to see Tom was still _________ （活着的）. 4. They are going to take a taxi to the _________ （机场）. 5. The result was _________ （出乎意料的） and nobody believed it. 6. I decided _________ （join） the chess club because it’s my only hobby.
7. We saw some black smoke _________ （rise） from the old building. 8. We’ve discussed it for a long time. Now it’s time to make a _________ （decide）.
随练1.5、
_________ the plane _________, the doctors had already been there. A、 On the time; lands
B、 In the time; landing
C、 At times; had landed
D、 By the time; landed
随练1.6、
By the time of last term, we _________ over 2000 English words. A、 have learned
B、 had learned
C、 were learning
D、 learned
自我总结 课后作业
作业1、
Sometimes the boys would _________ on the master. A、 play a part
B、 play a joke
C、 make an effort
D、 play a role
作业2、
The T-shirts were cheap and _________ fast. A、 sold out
B、 come out
C、 run out
D、 wore out
作业3、
They looked at the burning building _________ disbelief. They didn’t know what happened. A、 for
B、 in
C、 on
D、 by
作业4、
根据中文提示完成句子
1. 丽萨是什么时候在聚会上露面的？
When did Lisa _________ _________ at the party? 2. 他的爸爸同意捎我一程。
His father agreed to _________ _________ _________ _________. 3. 你去乘坐公共汽车时，应该排队等候。
When you take a bus, you should wait _________ _________.
4. 最终，这件事变成了一件好事，每个人都很开心。
In the end, it _________ _________ a good thing and everyone felt very happy.
5. 汤姆很失望，因为当他到达派对的时候，大多数客人都已经走了。 Tom was _________ because most of the guests _________ _________ when he _________ at the party.
作业5、
---You didn’t watch the movie?
---Yes, but by the time I _________ to the cinema, the movie _________ for several minutes. A、 got; has begun
B、 got; had been on
C、 got; had begun
D、 got; has been on
作业6、
I didn’t meet Frank last night. Before I _________, he _________ the party.
A、 arrived; left
B、 had arrived; had left
C、 arrived; had left
D、 had arrived; left
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