一、动词不定式的主要用法-----表示目的和将来“要做某事或去做某事” 1.To finish the work on time is not easy.(作主语)
He asked me to open the door.(作宾语补足语)
2.动词不定式也可以和疑问词who,what,which,whether,when,how,where等连用，构成不定式短语。
How to get the tickets is a question. (作主语) The question is who to send the letter. (作表语) 3. for + 名词（代词）+动词不定式的复合结构
It is important for us to learn English. （作主语） It is for you to decide. (作表语)
I don’t think it good for you to leave now.（作宾语） I have bought the books for you to read.（作定语）
They handed in the exercises just in time for the teacher to correct.（作状语）
二、分词的主要用法
分词分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词与过去分词的区别在于：现在分词表示主动的、正在进行的动作，而及物动词的过去分词表示已经完成且被动的动作，不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成的意义。
Do you know the building being built down the street? （作定语） This is one of the buildings built in the 1960s.（作定语） The news is surprising.（作表语）
We are surprised at the news.（作表语）
We heard her singing in the next room.（宾语补足语） She can be heard singing in the next room.
(While,When)Walking along the street, he met with his old friend.（状语） Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.（状语）
1.分词作为时间状语时，可在分词前加上while,when或on表示“当…时候”，或“一…就…”。
例：While talking with her teacher, she felt nervous. On hearing the good news, she jumped up with joy.
2.当分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。 Seeing the house on fire, he immediately ran to the phone-box.
Given more time, we could do it better.
3. interest,excite,surprise,please,disappoint,satisfy,tire等，它们的现在分词往往用来表示事物的性质；而它们的过去分词则用来表示人的感受。
I am very interested in the interesting story. We are all tired of such a tiring question.
4.现在分词的被动式being done与过去分词的区别。
现在分词的被动式being done表示正在进行的被动动作，而过去分词则强调
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已经完成的动作或持续的被动状态。
The problem being discussed now is very important. The problem discussed yesterday was very important.
I saw many cars being repaired. I found the window broken.
Being cooked, the chicken gave out a wonderful smell. Led by the party, we have won great achievements.
三、动名词的主要用法
动名词是由动词转化而来，在句子中起名词的作用，但又保持动词的特征，可有自己的宾语或状语，构成动名词短语。 Swimming is my favourite sport.（作主语） Talking is easier than doing.（作主语）
四、区别
1.不定式与分词作定语时的区别：
The meeting held last week is very important.（过去分词held作定语，表示动作已完成）
The meeting being held is very important.（现在分词［被动式］作定语，表示动作正在进行）
The meeting to be held next week is very important.（不定式［被动式］“to be held”作定语，表示未来将发生的动作。）
only+分词与only+不定式的区别
“only+现在分词”的意思是结果只是；
“only+不定式”意思是想不到、反而并没有料到的结果：
He lifted a rock only to drop on his own foot.
（他搬起石头，想不到砸了自己的脚。） He died, only leaving debts.
（他死了，只留下一身债。）
2. 不定式与动名词的区别：
（1）从含义上不定式表示具体某一次的动作，动名词表示比较抽象的一般行为、习惯。
Saving money is important. （存钱是重要的。）
To save money now is impossible. （现在存钱是不可能的。）
（2）只能用不定式的单词或词组（句型）
⑴It is important, It is necessary, It is fitting, It is advisable……等“It is+adj.+(for sb./of sb.)+不定式”的句型中
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（3）在动词decide, wish, hope, promise, manage, arrange, choose, plan, desire, learn, want, ask, intend, attempt等后用不定式作宾语
（4）在介词but, except, than, besides等后面，用不定式作宾语
注意：当在but, except, besides介词前有一个实意动词“do”时，用不带“to”的不定式。
例如：I have no choice but to stay.（无实意动词“do”用带“to”不定式） I have nothing to do but wait.（有实意动词“do”，用不带“to”不定式）
（5）只能用动名词的单词或词组（句型）
① It’s no use doing, It’s no good doing, It’s a waste of time doing等句型。 ②在动词suggest, avoid, enjoy, admit, consider, escape, excuse, permit, allow, finish, mind, practise, risk, miss, advise, imagine 在词组：can’t help, can’t stand, burst out, give up, feel like, keep on, set about, object to, be used to, devote to, look forward to, stick to, pay attention to, insist on, persist in等后面用动名词作宾语。
注意：permit, avoid, risk, allow, advise, forbid等动词后带宾语补足语时只能用动词不定式。
例如：The teacher advised reading more books.（advise+宾语）
The teacher advised us to read more books.（advise+sb+宾语补足语） You shouldn’t risk doing that.（risk+宾语）
You shouldn’t risk your life to do that.（risk+sb+宾语补足语） （你不应该冒生命危险去做那件事。）
* 用不定式作宾语表示具体一次动作；用动名词作宾语表示一贯爱好、倾向的单词有：hate, love, like, prefer等
* 用动名词作宾语以主动表示被动；用不定式的被动式作宾语表示被动，在含义上完全相同，这些单词是：want, need, require 例：The bike needs repairing.
The dininghall wants cleaning.
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